Production of methyl bromide by terrestrial higher plants

Gan, Jianying; Yates, Scott R.; Ohr, H. D.; Sims, James J.

doi:10.1029/98gl52697

Cited by 100 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Abiotic production of methyl halides can occur during the oxidation of organic matter [Keppler et al, 2000]. Leaf disc studies of a variety of plants, including Brassica [Gan et al, 1998], have shown that enzyme mediated methyl transferase can produce CH 3 Br Saini et al, 1995]. Wood rotting fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi are also potential sources of CH 3 Br in these ecosystems [Harper, 1985;Lee-Taylor and Holland, 2000 (L-TH2000); Redeker et al, unpublished (KR2003)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

Varner

White

Mosedale

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Field enclosure measurements of a temperate forest soil show net uptake of ambient methyl bromide (CH 3 Br), an important trace gas in both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone cycling. The net flux for 1999 was estimated to be À168 ± 72 mg CH 3 Br m À2 (negative indicates loss from the atmosphere). Individual enclosure flux measurements ranged from À4.0 to +3.3 mg CH 3 Br m À2 d À1 . Soil consumption of CH 3 Br was estimated from laboratory soil incubations. Production of CH 3 Br was calculated as the difference between net flux and predicted consumption. Fungi could be responsible for the production of CH 3 Br in this temperate forest soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Several terrestrial sources of CH 3 Br have been identified [Gan et al, 1998;Varner et al, 1999b;Redeker et al, 2000;Rhew et al, 2000;Dimmer et al, 2001;Rhew et al, 2001]. The production mechanism of CH 3 Br in these ecosystems is uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

Varner

White

Mosedale

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The known natural sources for CH 3 Br were the ocean (56 Gg/y) and biomass burning (20 Gg/y, partly including anthropogenic one) (WMO, 1998). Recent studies have shown new land sources for CH 3 Br, some types of higher plants (Gan et al, 1998) and coastal salt marshes (Rhew et al, 2000). From an observational study at Cape Hedo of Okinawa Island (subtropical), significant contribution of oceanic source to the atmospheric CH 3 Br had been suggested, based on the positively correlated variations of CH 3 Br and CH 3 I (mostly ocean-origin) under summertime calm condition (R CH3Br-CH3I = 0.77, cf., R CH3Br-CH3Cl = -0.07) .…”

Section: Methyl Bromidementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of methyl chloride, methyl bromide, and methyl iodide in the marine boundary air over the western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean.

Li¹,

Yokouchi²,

Akimoto³

et al. 2001

Geochem. J.

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Methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl), methyl bromide (CH 3 Br), and methyl iodide (CH 3 I) in marine boundary air were measured over the western Pacific and the southeastern Indian Ocean during the period of December 1996-February 1997. The mean concentrations of CH 3 Cl, CH 3 Br, and CH 3 I were 623, 10.3, and 1.1 pptv, respectively, and their highest concentrations were observed in the tropics. The enhancement of CH 3 Cl concentration in the tropics, particularly near islands, was consistent with the recently reported finding on its high emissions from tropical coastal lands. The enhancement of CH 3 Br in the tropics was not related to the closeness of the sampling sites to islands, suggesting that land sources were not so important for CH 3 Br as for CH 3 Cl. The atmospheric CH 3

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“…Consequently, the use of CH3Br as a fumigant is scheduled to be phased out by 2015 under amendments to the Montreal Protocol (Montzka et al, 2011). However, methyl bromide is also released naturally from oceans (King et al, 2002), biomass burning (Andreae and Merlet, 2001), salt marshes (Rhew et al, 2000), wetlands (Varner et al, 1999), fungi (Harper, 1985), and several plant species (Gan et al, 1998, Wishkerman et al, 2008. The main sinks are believed to be uptake by oceans (Butler et al, 2007) and soils (Shorter et al, 1995) as well as reaction with OH radicals in the atmosphere (Saltzman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable bromine isotopic composition of methyl bromide released from plant matter

Horst

Holmstrand

Andersson

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Methyl bromide (CH3Br) emitted from plants constitutes a natural source of bromine to the atmosphere, and is a component in the currently unbalanced global CH3Br budget. In the stratosphere, CH3Br contributes to ozone loss processes.Studies of stable isotope composition may reduce uncertainties in the atmospheric CH3Br budget, but require well-constrained isotope fingerprints of the source end members. Here we report the first measurements of stable bromine isotopes (δ 81 Br) in CH3Br from abiotic plant emissions. Incubations of both KBr-fortified pectin, a ubiquitous cell-stabilizing macromolecule, and of a natural halophyte (Salicornia fruticosa), yielded an enrichment factor (ε) of -2.00±0.23‰ (1σ, n=8) for pectin and -1.82±0.02‰ (1σ, n=4) for Salicornia (the relative amount of 81 Br decreased in CH3Br compared to the substrate salt). For short incubations, and up to 10% consumption of the salt substrate, this isotope effect was similar for temperatures from 30 up to 300°C. For longer incubations of up to 100 hours at 180°C the δ 81 Br values increased from -2‰ to 0‰ for pectin and to -1‰ for Salicornia. These δ 81 Br source signatures of CH3Br formation from plant matter combine with similar data for carbon isotopes to facilitate multidimensional isotope diagnostics of the CH3Br budget.

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Production of methyl bromide by terrestrial higher plants

Cited by 100 publications

References 20 publications

Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

Production of methyl bromide in a temperate forest soil

Distribution of methyl chloride, methyl bromide, and methyl iodide in the marine boundary air over the western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean.

Stable bromine isotopic composition of methyl bromide released from plant matter

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