Production of Interferon by Human Mononuclear Leucocytes.

Lee, Spencer H. S.; Ozere, R. L.

doi:10.3181/00379727-118-29794

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…With one exception, the smallpox vaccine used contained live vaccinia virus, and the possibility that replication of vaccinia in leukocytes contributed to the response could not be ruled out. Many other studies have demonstrated interferon production in cultured leukocytes stimulated by vaccinia virus (12,13) as well as by other viruses (14,15). Furthermore, cultures of leukocytes from animals immune to a given virus produced greater amounts of interferon when exposed to that virus than similar cultures from nonimmune animals (15).…”

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confidence: 97%

Selective Increase in Lymphocyte Interferon Response to Vaccinia Antigen after Revaccination

Epstein

Stevens

Merigan

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Viral antigen prepared by heat inactivation of vaccinia virus stimulated production of interferon in association with transformation of sensitized human lymphocytes in vitro. Involvement of a macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in production of interferon stimulated by viral antigen was found in which macrophages greatly augmented the amount of interferon produced by lymphocytes. Reimmunization with live vaccinia virus resulted in a selective increase in the ability of lymphocytes to produce interferon in the presence of viral antigen 4-7 weeks later without a corresponding increase in the degree of already significant lymphocyte transformation. There was no correlation between the extent of lymphocyte transformation and the amount of interferon produced. The augmented interferon response after reimmunization described in this study may be a significant component of the protective effect of immunization with vaccinia against disease occurring after exposure to smallpox.Epstein et al. demonstrated that a macrophage-lymphocyte interaction is involved in the mitogen-(1, 2) and antigen-(3, 4) stimulated production of interferon in cultures derived from human peripheral blood. Such interferon production occurred in association with the transformation of small lymphocytes to large blast-like cells observed in response to the nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and in the more specific immune reaction when sensitized lymphocytes transform in response to purified protein derivative (PPD). In both situations, lymphocytes were identified as the most likely cells responsible for the production of interferon, but the presence of macrophages greatly augmented the amount of interferon produced.Numerous authors have reported the transformation of sensitized human lymphocytes in response to smallpox vaccine (5-1 1). With one exception, the smallpox vaccine used contained live vaccinia virus, and the possibility that replication of vaccinia in leukocytes contributed to the response could not be ruled out. Many other studies have demonstrated interferon production in cultured leukocytes stimulated by vaccinia virus (12, 13) as well as by other viruses (14,15). Furthermore, cultures of leukocytes from animals immune to a given virus produced greater amounts of interferon when exposed to that virus than similar cultures from nonimmune animals (15). The present studies were therefore undertaken to answer the following questions:(a) Can human lymphocytes transform and produce interferon on an immune specific basis in response to a nonreplicating vaccinia virus antigen?Abbreviations: PHA, phytohemagglutinin; VH, heat-treated vaccinia antigen; PPD, purified protein derivative. 2632(b) Is involvement of a macrophage-lymphocyte interaction necessary in the production of interferon as has been observed with mitogen-and nonviral-antigen-stimulated interferon production?(c) Would reimmunization of donors with live vaccinia virus affect the degree of lymphocyte transformation and/or interferon production that occurred in vit...

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confidence: 97%

Selective Increase in Lymphocyte Interferon Response to Vaccinia Antigen after Revaccination

Epstein

Stevens

Merigan

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…We now know that leukocytes, both polymorphs and mononuclears, can produce interferon. 19,20 Not all microorganisms are destroyed in phagocytes. Indeed, the inflammatory reaction seems at times to accelerate the spread of infection.…”

Section: Body Barriers To Entrance Of Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Science Review : Nonspecific Resistance to Infection

Florman

1965

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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0 UR interest in nonspecific resistance to infection was stimulated several years ago by an intriguing accident. At that time we were studying the variety of serological reactions which are elicited by staphylococcal infections.ilre were adding an extract of the supernatant of a staphylococcal culture to human red blood cells, in order to see whether this would render them agglutinable by serum which contained staphylococcal antibodies. We waned to learn whether this extract was antigenie, and so planned a simple experiment. A group of mice were to be given the extract. Two weeks later, when they might have been expected to have produced antibodies, they were to be challenged with a lethal number of staphylococci. The extract was given, but by error the animals were challenged after only 20 hours-rather than two weeks. This was too soon for significant antibody production. Nfost of the control animals died-but, to our amazement, most of the mice receiving the extract survived! (When the experiment was subsequently done as originally planned, the extract failed to protect.) This accidental observation started us off on several years of work, the results of which shall be summarized later. It is sufficient to note here that this staphylococcal extract proved to have a nonspecific effect. Among other qualities it also protected mice against infection with E. coli and with Herpes simplex virus.Resistance to infection is all too often equated with specific antibodies. Yet we know very well that this is not the whole story.Resistance is the resultant of many factors in addition to antibodies. It has to do with the state of the infecting t~~ent as well as that of the host.The first part of this discussion will be a review of some of the resistance factors of the host which are nonspecific. These represent his first line of defense against infection. Many that we recognize, we do not fully understand. At any one time, relatively few may be operating. Their effect, often difficult to quantitate, is usually of much smaller magnitude than that of specific antibody. Yet, the fifth edition of &dquo;Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity&dquo; by Topley and Wilson devotes the greater part of at least six chapters to factors involved in nonspecific resistance to infection: &dquo;It is important to realize that were such (nonspecific) procedures applicable for prophylaxis or therapy (in man) their relatively small effect would not necessarily rule them out as unrewarding. A 10-fold increase of the LD 50 of a test bacterium in the experimental animal might well correspond in the field to a decrease of 20 to 40 per cent in the mortality or morbidity rates.&dquo; 2The second part of this discussion will have to do with some of our experience with our staphylococcal extract. It will show that there now are procedures available with which it is possible to enhance nonspecific resistance to infection-at least in mice and rabbits.

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“…Também em culturas de leucócitos humanos, infectadas por diferentes vírus, tem sido possível evidenciar a produção de interferon 1,3,6,8,11,12,17,18,19,21,23,24,26 . O trabalho de Carver e Seto 5 mostra que culturas de fibroblastos humanos, depois de submetidas a estimulação com soros humanos contendo antígeno Austrália, tornam-se refretárias à multiplicação do vírus da doença de Newcastle.…”

Section: Unitermos: Antígeno Austrália (Hbs Agunclassified

Produção de interferon ou substância semelhante em culturas EB3 inoculadas com soros humanos contendo antígeno Austrália

Candeias¹

1975

Rev. Saúde Pública

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Production of Interferon by Human Mononuclear Leucocytes.

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Selective Increase in Lymphocyte Interferon Response to Vaccinia Antigen after Revaccination

Selective Increase in Lymphocyte Interferon Response to Vaccinia Antigen after Revaccination

Basic Science Review : Nonspecific Resistance to Infection

Produção de interferon ou substância semelhante em culturas EB3 inoculadas com soros humanos contendo antígeno Austrália

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