Production of Ferronickel Concentrate from Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Ore by Non-Melting Reduction Magnetic Separation Process

Qu, Guorui; Zhou, Shiwei; Wang, Huiyao; Li, Bo; Wei, Yonggang

doi:10.3390/met9121340

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A promising and recently studied approach for red mud recycling is solid-phase reduction of iron at 1050-1400 • C [28], that is evidently more cost effective than reduction smelting at temperatures above 1500 • C [29] because of a lower energy consumption. This approach had been used for other different iron-containing wastes [30][31][32], as well as complex low-grade iron [33][34][35] and nickel [36][37][38] ores. High-grade metallized concentrates and tailings with high content of other valuable components can be obtained by carbothermic reduction followed by magnetic separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Grudinsky

Zinoveev

Pankratov

et al. 2020

Metals

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Red mud is an iron-containing waste of alumina production with high alkalinity. A promising approach for its recycling is solid-phase carbothermic roasting in the presence of special additives followed by magnetic separation. The crucial factor of the separation of the obtained iron metallic particles from gangue is sufficiently large iron grains. This study focuses on the influence of Na2SO4 addition on iron grain growth during carbothermic roasting of two red mud samples with different (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21, respectively. Iron phase distribution in the red mud and roasted samples were investigated in detail by Mössbauer spectroscopy method. Based on thermodynamic calculations and results of multifactorial experiments, the optimal conditions for the roasting of the red mud samples with (CaO + MgO)/(SiO2 + Al2O3) ratio of 0.46 and 1.21 were duration of 180 min with the addition of 13.65% Na2SO4 at 1150 °C and 1350 °C followed by magnetic separation that led to 97% and 83.91% of iron recovery, as well as 51.6% and 83.7% of iron grade, respectively. The mechanism of sodium sulfate effect on iron grain growth was proposed. The results pointed out that Na2SO4 addition is unfavorable for the red mud carbothermic roasting compared with other alkaline sulfur-free additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Grudinsky

Zinoveev

Pankratov

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…To achieve carbon peak and neutrality targets and make full use of laterite nickel ore, the research of new technology with low carbon emissions and reduced energy consumption becomes the top priority [21,22]. Considering on the low grade of nickel and iron in laterite nickel ore, solid-state reduction roasting combined with magnetic separation to remove the magnesium silicates and unreduced oxides can be a promising method to produce a ferronickel concentrate from laterite nickel ore [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Grade Ferronickel Concentrates Prepared from Laterite Nickel Ore by a Carbothermal Reduction and Magnetic Separation Method

Zhang,

Cao,

Xue

et al. 2023

Materials

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Nickel is widely used in industrial processes and plays a crucial role in many applications. However, most of the nickel resource mainly exists as nickel oxide in laterite nickel ore with complex composition, resulting in difficulty in upgrading the nickel content using physical separation methods. In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates were obtained through a carbothermal reduction and magnetic separation using laterite nickel ore and anthracite as raw materials. The effects of different types of additives (CaF2, Na2SO4, and H3BO3), carbon ratio (the molar ratio of oxygen atoms in the laterite nickel ore to carbon atoms in anthracite), and grinding time on the recoveries and grades of ferronickel concentrates were experimentally investigated, along with the microstructure and chemical composition of the products. CaF2 was proved to be the primary active additive in the aggregation and growth of the ferronickel particles and the improvement of the grade of the product. Under the optimal conditions of CaF2 addition of 9.85 wt%, carbon ratio of 1.4, and grinding time of 240 s, high-grade magnetically separable ferronickel concentrate with nickel grade 8.93 wt% and iron grade 63.96 wt% was successfully prepared. This work presents a practical method for the highly efficient recovery and utilization of iron and nickel from low-grade laterite nickel ore, contributing to the development of strategies for the sustainable extraction and utilization of nickel resources.

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“…The purpose of the reduction process is to concentrate nickel at high temperatures with some carbonaceous material as a reducing agent [18][19][20][21]. The use of chemicals like Na2SO4 and NaCl in the reduction process can increase the content and recovery of nickel in ferronickel concentrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Reduction of Southeast Sulawesi Nickel Laterite using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetic Studies with Addition of Na2SO4 and NaCl as Additives

Shofi¹,

Supriyatna

Prasetyo

2020

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The aim of the reduction process is to concentrate nickel at high temperatures with a certain carbonaceous material as a reducing agent. The use of chemicals like Na2SO4 and NaCl in the reduction process can increase the content and recovery of nickel in ferronickel concentrates. A selective reduction of laterite nickel was carried out in a non-isothermal and an isothermal using palm kernel shell charcoal as a reductant and with Na2SO4 and NaCl as additives. Firstly, the raw material is made into a pellet and dried in an oven at 100 °C for two hours. The pellets are weighed before and after the reduction process. The non-isothermal reduction process used the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) method from a temperature of 100 to 1300 °C, with a heat rate of 10 °C per minute. The isothermal reduction at temperatures 500, 600, 700, 950, 1050, and 1150 °C occurred with a reduction time of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The analysis is Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) to determine the content of nickel and iron from the reduction process, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to see changes in the phases formed after the selective reduction process, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) for viewing the microstructure of the phase. The Differential Thermal Analyzer-Temperature Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA) results show the endothermic at 256 °C, and the exothermic peak at 935 °C with a total mass loss of 42.15% at 1238 °C. The shrinking core model was used for the kinetic studies of the reduction process. The closest kinetic model to the experimental results is the Ginstling-Brounshtein model, with an activation energy value of 8.73 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Production of Ferronickel Concentrate from Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Ore by Non-Melting Reduction Magnetic Separation Process

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

Influence of Sodium Sulfate Addition on Iron Grain Growth during Carbothermic Roasting of Red Mud Samples with Different Basicity

High-Grade Ferronickel Concentrates Prepared from Laterite Nickel Ore by a Carbothermal Reduction and Magnetic Separation Method

Selective Reduction of Southeast Sulawesi Nickel Laterite using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetic Studies with Addition of Na2SO4 and NaCl as Additives

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