Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds: Kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation

Snåre, M.; Kubičková, Iva; Mäki‐Arvela, Päivi; Eränen, Kari; Wärnå, Johan; Murzin, Dmitry Yu.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.064

Cited by 166 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…GC-MS analysis revealed that the AP-Ni-MSN sequestered up to 47 wt % of the FFAs in the microalgal extract and catalyzed the conversion of 66% of them into liquid hydrocarbons. The most abundant fatty acid in the original extract was C 16 , and it was also the most sequestered FFA (68 wt %). n-Pentadecane was the major liquid hydrocarbon obtained, which presumably resulted from the decarbonylation of sequestered C 16 FFAs (Figure 8c,d).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

et al. 2013

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A hybrid adsorbent-catalytic nanostructured material consisting of aminopropyl groups and nickel nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP-Ni-MSN) was employed to selectively capture free fatty acids (FFAs) and convert them into saturated hydrocarbons. The working principle of these sorbent-catalytic particles was initially tested in the hydrogenation of oleic acid. Besides providing selectivity for the capture of FFAs, the adsorbent groups also affected the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction, shifting the chemistry from hydrocracking-based (Ni) to hydrotreating-based and improving the carbon economy of the process. This approach was ultimately evaluated by the selective sequestration of FFAs from crude microalgal oil and their subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, demonstrating the suitability of this design for the refinery of renewable feedstocks. ABSTRACT: A hybrid adsorbent-catalytic nanostructured material consisting of aminopropyl groups and nickel nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (APNi-MSN) was employed to selectively capture free fatty acids (FFAs) and convert them into saturated hydrocarbons. The working principle of these sorbent-catalytic particles was initially tested in the hydrogenation of oleic acid. Besides providing selectivity for the capture of FFAs, the adsorbent groups also affected the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction, shifting the chemistry from hydrocracking-based (Ni) to hydrotreating-based and improving the carbon economy of the process. This approach was ultimately evaluated by the selective sequestration of FFAs from crude microalgal oil and their subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, demonstrating the suitability of this design for the refinery of renewable feedstocks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

et al. 2013

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“…Ethyl stearate converted into stearic acid before decarboxylating to n-heptadecane, although selectivity to n-heptadecane decreased from 300 to 3608C when aromatics started to be produced instead, which are unsuitable in diesel fuels. The reaction kinetics for ethyl stearate and stearic acid decarboxylation over palladium/carbon (Pd/C) catalyst have also been studied; a problem when using fatty acids is that the Pd/C catalyst is deactivated at high concentrations (Snare et al 2007). investigated a range of catalysts, Ir, Mo, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru (supported on carbon and metal oxides) as well as a Raney nickel catalyst.…”

Section: Deoxygenating Fatty Acids For Green Diesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

Greenwell

Laurens

Shields

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

714

359

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Microalgae provide various potential advantages for biofuel production when compared with 'traditional' crops. Specifically, large-scale microalgal culture need not compete for arable land, while in theory their productivity is greater. In consequence, there has been resurgence in interest and a proliferation of algae fuel projects. However, while on a theoretical basis, microalgae may produce between 10-and 100-fold more oil per acre, such capacities have not been validated on a commercial scale. We critically review current designs of algal culture facilities, including photobioreactors and open ponds, with regards to photosynthetic productivity and associated biomass and oil production and include an analysis of alternative approaches using models, balancing space needs, productivity and biomass concentrations, together with nutrient requirements. In the light of the current interest in synthetic genomics and genetic modifications, we also evaluate the options for potential metabolic engineering of the lipid biosynthesis pathways of microalgae. We conclude that although significant literature exists on microalgal growth and biochemistry, significantly more work needs to be undertaken to understand and potentially manipulate algal lipid metabolism. Furthermore, with regards to chemical upgrading of algal lipids and biomass, we describe alternative fuel synthesis routes, and discuss and evaluate the application of catalysts traditionally used for plant oils. Simulations that incorporate financial elements, along with fluid dynamics and algae growth models, are likely to be increasingly useful for predicting reactor design efficiency and life cycle analysis to determine the viability of the various options for largescale culture. The greatest potential for cost reduction and increased yields most probably lies within closed or hybrid closed -open production systems.

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“…[5,6] An alternate technology to produce biofuels from microalgal oil is through hydrotreating with Ni, Co and Mo sulfides or noble metal catalysts such as Pd and Pt supported on metal oxides. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] While the high price of the noble metals can be avoided by using the sulfided catalysts, slow desulfurization reduces their activity and contaminates the fuel. [7,9,15] Furthermore, these catalysts have shown poor selectivity, favoring cracking and decarbonylation over hydrodeoxygenation to produce broad hydrocarbon distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported iron nanoparticles for the hydrodeoxygenation of microalgal oil to green diesel

Kandel

Anderegg

Nelson

et al. 2014

Journal of Catalysis

140

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Iron nanoparticles supported on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe-MSN) catalyze the hydrotreatment of fatty acids with high selectivity for hydrodeoxygenation over decarbonylation and hydrocracking. The catalysis is likely to involve a reverse Mars-Van Krevelen mechanism, in which the surface of iron is partially oxidized by the carboxylic groups of the substrate during the reaction. The strength of the metal-oxygen bonds that are formed affects the residence time of the reactants facilitating the successive conversion of carboxyl first into carbonyl and then into alcohol intermediates, thus dictating the selectivity of the process. The selectivity is also affected by the pretreatment of Fe-MSN, the more reduced the catalyst the higher the yield of hydrodeoxygenation product. Fe-MSN catalyzes the conversion of crude microalgal oil into dieselrange hydrocarbons. Disciplines Materials Chemistry | Other Chemistry | Physical ChemistryComments NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Catalysis. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Catalysis, [314, (2014)

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Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds: Kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation

Cited by 166 publications

References 9 publications

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks

Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: a review of the technological challenges

Supported iron nanoparticles for the hydrodeoxygenation of microalgal oil to green diesel

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