Production of Clay Pozzolana by Fluidized Bed Technique

Gupta, Joydeep; Rao, A. V. Raghavendra

doi:10.1080/0371750x.1978.10840696

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…So far, fluidized bed furnaces on an industrial scale have only been used for burning limestone in the production of quicklime [24,31]. However, research carried out on a laboratory scale [31][32][33][34][35][36] and the pilot installation [37] demonstrated the potential of this technology to be used in the calcination of clay raw materials. Fluidized bed technology offers potential benefits in terms of energy (fuel) savings, a high heat transfer coefficient, the intensive contact of hot gases with clay material particles, the guarantee of a uniform temperature and product homogeneity, a short process time and the easy operation and maintenance of the installation.…”

Section: Methods Of Calcination Of Clay Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies of Fluidized Bed Calcination of Granulated Clay Material

Kaczyńska,

Pełka

2024

Materials

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The work presents a detailed analysis of the possibilities of the thermal processing of clay raw material granulates in a fluidized bed reactor powered by coal fuel. Potential customers of calcined granulates include the following: plants producing refractory materials for the steel industry, producers of refractory concrete, sanitaryware plants, tile plants, large-size tile plants, industry abrasives, chemicals, paints, paper, food and medical industries and others. The advantage of the presented fluid bed calcination technology is the possibility of the continuous operation of the reactor and the short time of the material in the bed, compared to the previously used methods of calcination in a shaft and rotary kiln, which lasts less than twenty minutes in the temperature range of 650–850 °C. During the experimental studies of calcination in the fluidized bed layer, the influence of the type of coal, its particle size and the mass share of coal in the feed mixture on the calcination process and the final product obtained was analysed. As a result of the conducted research, it was proven that solid fuels such as anthracite and steam coal type 31.2 (flaming) can be successfully used in the fluidized bed calcination process of clay materials. The key parameter determining the fluidized bed calcination process is the fuel particle distribution.

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Section: Methods Of Calcination Of Clay Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies of Fluidized Bed Calcination of Granulated Clay Material

Kaczyńska,

Pełka

2024

Materials

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“…Studies on the calcination of clays by fluidised bed at bench scale [172] and pilot plant [173], suggest this technology for the thermal activation of clays. The fluidised bed technology offers potential benefits in terms of energy saving (fuel), high heat transfer coefficient, high contact between hot gases and clay particles, guarantee of a uniform temperature and homogeneous products, low retention times, and easy operation and maintenance.…”

Section: Fluidised Bed Calcinermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluidised bed technology offers potential benefits in terms of energy saving (fuel), high heat transfer coefficient, high contact between hot gases and clay particles, guarantee of a uniform temperature and homogeneous products, low retention times, and easy operation and maintenance. Although these works have obtained good results, the recommended optimal economic capacity to develop the process on an industrial scale according to the pilot studies is only 20 t/h [173]. The expansion of this technology on an industrial scale is limited in part because in many cases the scaling up studies may not reflect what is experienced at previous scales due to the complexity of the hydrodynamics of some fluids, which is another disadvantage.…”

Section: Fluidised Bed Calcinermentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL

et al. 2021

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The use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials provides the opportunity to significantly reduce the cement industry’s carbon burden; however, use at a global scale requires a deep understanding of the extraction and processing of the clays to be used, which will uncover routes to optimise their reactivity. This will enable increased usage of calcined clays as cement replacements, further improving the sustainability of concretes produced with them. Existing technologies can be adopted to produce calcined clays at an industrial scale in many regions around the world. This paper, produced by RILEM TC 282-CCL on calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials (working group 2), focuses on the production of calcined clays, presents an overview of clay mining, and assesses the current state of the art in clay calcination technology, covering the most relevant aspects from the clay deposit to the factory gate. The energetics and associated carbon footprint of the calcination process are also discussed, and an outlook on clay calcination is presented, discussing the technological advancements required to fulfil future global demand for this material in sustainable infrastructure development.

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“…In order to meet a local small demand, small capacity plants have been developed, using different heaters as vertical shafts furnaces or rotary kilns of fluidized beds (Thate and Patel 1978;Gupta and Rao, 1978). In all of these kilns, the installations are fixed in position, which increases the cost of production for a small intermittent plant operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Rotary Kiln for Production of Sarooj

Hago

Al-Rawas²

2008

Jou. Eng. Res.

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Sarooj is a local term used for pozzolana. It has been used extensively as a hydraulic binder in buildings, hydraulic installations, forts and castles, and in the renovation of historical monuments. It is produced by burning specific clay soil that possesses adequate quantities of silica, alumina and iron oxides. In the past, the material was produced using a large amount of energy most of which is wasted by blowing winds. The burning system was usually thermally inefficient, and the output is rarely checked for quality. Test on products produced by using the traditional method may yield poor quality Sarooj due to inadequate burning or over burning or even insufficient grinding in the end. In this research, extensive experimentation has been performed on the method of production of Sarooj to determine the factors influencing Sarooj quality. Based on these factors, a new method of production is proposed. In this method, a fully mobile kiln was designed to produce Sarooj on the site. The kiln can produce 200 kg/h of Sarooj, and can be installed within one hour of arriving on the site. It can be towed by a tractor or a normal vehicle to the desired location, connected to the natural gas supply and the electric power. The construction is light, compact, and easy to start and shut down. In this paper, the plant is described in detail, together with some preliminary results of testing done on Sarooj produced by the kiln. Full details of tests on the product of the kiln will be given in a subsequent paper.

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Production of Clay Pozzolana by Fluidized Bed Technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Studies of Fluidized Bed Calcination of Granulated Clay Material

Experimental Studies of Fluidized Bed Calcination of Granulated Clay Material

Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL

Design of a Rotary Kiln for Production of Sarooj

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