Production of carbonaceous material from avocado peel for its application as alternative adsorbent for dyes removal

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) by‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review

“…This represents an important solution against energy production crisis and environmental pollution due to fossil fuels. In addition, peels and seeds show particular adsorption capacity and can be used as carbonaceous adsorbent material with different applications such as the removal of contaminants in wastewater with a very important environmental impact (Domínguez et al ., ; Palma et al ., ). Recent studies also showed the great potential of avocado starch waste (29% of avocado seed): it can be reused as a functional ingredient and also to produce biodegradable polymers for drug delivery or food packaging.…”

“…Avocado peel was investigated for its potential use in the production of carbonaceous materials for both basic and acid dye removal, as an alternative to conventional activated carbons; the optimisation of carbonisation temperature (900 °C) and time (65 min) was studied through factorial design and response surface methodology in order to obtain the highest sorbent surface area. The low cost and wide availability of this source together with the adsorption capacity made carbonised avocado peel a promising sorbent (Palma et al ., ).…”

Application of Agricultural Wastes Activated Carbon for Dye Removal – An Overview

“…In physical activation also known as pyrolysis process, the precursor is being carbonized at high temperature and activated by passing CO 2 of steam under pressure to increase the porosity and surface area [8,28]. Meanwhile, in chemical activation, both activation and carbonization process take place simultaneously in which the raw precursor is impregnated with activating agents and heated at desired temperature [5,8,25,28,48]. Chemical activation leads to both physical and chemical modifications on produce activated carbon.…”

“…Therefore, ACs obtained from agricultural byproducts has the advantage of offering an effective [4, 27, 47,], low cost replacement for non-renewable coal-based granular activated carbon (GAC) [3, 8-11, 24, 27-29, 36] may provide that they have similar of better adsorption efficiency [25,43] such as solid pineapple waste [17], oil palm empty fruit bunches [44], Thevetia peruviana [18], cattail [46], peanut shell [40], rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) [35], banana empty fruit bunch (BEFB) and delonix regia fruit pod (DRFP) [43], palm shell waste-based [37], coir pith [32], orange peel [38], sawdust and rice-husk [19]. The production of activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste can be revised based on non-woody materials (Table 1) and woody materials (Table 2).…”

“…In recent years, properties of dyes solution as their visibility and recalcitrance generate problem for various industries such as manufacturing of fabrics, paper, silk, cotton, cosmetics and textile [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] in order to color their products [4,6,10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Wastewater contaminated by synthetic azo-dyes have complex aromatic molecular structure which make them inert and biodegradable [12,[14][15][29][30][31] difficult when discharged into the environment [3, 5, 8, 10-11, 16, 26] if not being removed properly [13,27,[32][33][34].…”