Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i> Mill.) by‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review

Colombo, Raffaella; Papetti, Adele

doi:10.1111/ijfs.14143

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…An average avocado fruit weighs approximately 150-400 g [16,17]. This fruit is made up of exocarp (peel), mesocarp (pulp), endocarp, and seed (Figure 1).…”

Section: Waste and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

et al. 2021

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Significant problems have arisen in recent years, such as global warming and hunger. These complications are related to the depletion and exploitation of natural resources, as well as environmental pollution. In this context, bioprocesses and biorefinery can be used to manage agro-industrial wastes for obtaining high-value-added products. A large number of by-products are composed of lignin and cellulose, having the potential to be exploited sustainably for chemical and biological conversion. The biorefinery of agro-industrial wastes has applications in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, medicine, material engineering, and environmental remediation. A comprehensive approach has been developed toward the agro-industrial management of avocado (Persea americana) biomass waste, which can be transformed into high-value-added products to mitigate global warming, save non-renewable energy, and contribute to health and science. Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive review on avocado fruit waste biorefinery and its possible applications as biofuel, as drugs, as bioplastics, in the environmental field, and in emerging nanotechnological opportunities for economic and scientific growth.

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“…An average avocado fruit weighs approximately 150-400 g [16,17]. This fruit is made up of exocarp (peel), mesocarp (pulp), endocarp, and seed (Figure 1).…”

Section: Waste and Pretreatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colombo et al determined that the fruit wastes have the potential to be transformed into biofuel. Pyrolysis and torrefaction allow obtaining liquid fuel, while for solid fuel, further thermal treatment is required to reduce part of the volatile liquid [17].…”

Section: Biofuels and Bioenergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

et al. 2021

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“…Biogas production depends on factors such as the nature of the substrate, temperature, pH, loading rate, C:N ratio, retention time, and alkalinity. Besides that, the organic material added as inoculums into the organic substrate and the size of the inoculums affected the rate of gas generation [50]. Research was conducted on the production of biomethane from organic waste based on its sugar, starch, lipid, protein, and fiber content.…”

Section: Biogas Through Biochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts

2020

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The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native to Mexico and Guatemala. Avocado consumption, fresh or in the form of processed products, is growing everywhere and it has caused a large number of countries to invest heavily in avocado production. The industrialization of avocado gives as a result a huge amount of waste, not only the peel and stone but also that waste generated by the pruning practices and oil extraction. These biomasses could be converted into raw materials to obtain different types of co-products, but this implies changes in the use of these resources, the design of efficient production systems, and integration to take full advantage of them, e.g., by developing biorefinery models. Therefore, this review firstly gives a snapshot of those residues generated in the avocado industry and provides their chemical composition. Secondly, this review presents updated information about the valorization ways of avocado-derived biomass to obtain bioenergy, biofuels, and other marketable products (starch, protein, phenolic compounds, and biosorbents, among others) using a single process or integrated processes within a biorefinery context. Green technologies to obtain these products are also covered, e.g., based on the application of microwaves, ultrasound, supercritical fluids, etc. As a conclusion, there is a variety of ways to valorize avocado waste in single processes, but it would be promising to develop biorefinery schemes. This would enable the avocado sector to move towards the zero-waste principle.

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“…Avocado is increasingly consumed, especially for its pulp, which, in addition to its flavor, contains a large number of vitamins, minerals, and especially monounsaturated fatty acids, and in lesser amounts polyunsaturated acids. While other components of avocado (peel, seed, and leaf) are usually discarded as waste, a variety of functional compounds from the waste have been identified as polyphenols, organic acids, and flavonoids ( 21 – 23 ). Avocado peel contains a high concentration of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, and procyanidins; nevertheless, the content of compounds will depend on the extraction methods ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Avocado Waste and Its Functional Compounds in Animal Models on Dyslipidemia Parameters

2021

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Ischemic heart disease and stroke are two main causes of death that have prevailed for more than 15 years. Dyslipidemia and its parameters like hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increase in low-density cholesterol, and a reduction of high-density cholesterol have been related with heart disease and risk of stroke. Approaches to improve the health and specifically reduce the risk of heart disease, such as medications and dietary interventions have been effective, but there are other potential sources of biological compounds that could have an effect due to their antioxidant properties. Avocado is a commonly consumed fruit especially its pulp, while the peel, seed, and leaf are usually discarded as waste. Some researchers have reported antioxidant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects in these wastes. In this review article, we have summarized the current evidence on the effect of biological compounds from avocado waste on dyslipidemia parameters in preclinical models. Also, we have included the compound extracted and the extraction method from the selected articles.

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) by‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

Persea Americana Agro-Industrial Waste Biorefinery for Sustainable High-Value-Added Products

Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts

The Effects of Avocado Waste and Its Functional Compounds in Animal Models on Dyslipidemia Parameters

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