Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 1. Effect of Solvent Nature on the Properties of Petroleum Residues Modified with Folmaldehyde

Abstract

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected. These compounds are formed as a result of formaldehyde reaction with residue components and solvent molecules.

Production of Distilled Bitumen from High-Viscosity Crude Oils of Ukrainian Fields

“…When choosing modifying additives, priority is given to factors such as compatibility with bitumen, their acceptable boiling and melting points, as well as manufacturability, toxicological safety, availability, and low cost. The introduction of modifiers, in particular polymeric materials, [15][16][17][18] initiates the formation of a more complex colloidal structure of bitumen, in which polymer is highly homogenized. As a result, such rheological characteristics of bitumen as temperature sensitivity, adhesive properties, elastic and strength characteristics change, deformation under load are reduced, such bitumen is prone to restoring elasticity.…”

“…One of the essential properties of modified bitumen is its stability during storage and operation, i.e., the ability to retain its properties over time. 11,[15][16][17][18] So, various modifiers and additives are added to bitumen depending on its specifications. 19 Some of the most common additives are EVA, a polymer, which makes the mix more workable, especially in colder conditions; synthetic wax, that allows the bitumen to be mixed at lower temperatures; and SBS, a thermoplastic rubber which offers tensile strength and strain recovery.…”

Isolation of Antibacterial Nano-Hydroxyapatite Biomaterial from Waste Buffalo Bone and Its Characterization

“…The interesting approach is bitumen production due to tar chemical modification with low-molecular compounds, with formaldehyde 16,17 or maleic anhydride, 18 in particular. According to this approach, it is unnecessary to modify the obtained bitumen with polymers or resins because its modification occurs due to the chemical modification of tar.…”

Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 6. Temperature Effect on the Chemical Modification of Bitumen with Maleic Anhydride

“…As alternative additives to bitumens, resins have been studied actively to be used with various functional groups, produced from non-target products or by-products of the coal conversion (phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resins and phenol-formaldehyde resins with labile peroxy bonds or methacrylic components), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] petroleum resins with epoxy, hydroxyl or carboxy groups, 20 low-molecular organic compounds (formaldehyde and maleic anhydride) [21][22][23][24][25][26] and sulfur/organic copolymers. 27 Maleic anhydride (MA) was studied in the previous work 28,29 as a low molecular weight modifier that chemically interacts with bitumen.…”