Production of Biodiesel Using Palm Oil

Lam, Man Kee; Jamalluddin, Nur Azimah; Lee, Keat Teong

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816856-1.00023-3

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…It has been determined that a number of operating conditions, such as catalyst type, reactor type, feedstock attributes and availability, agitation speed, temperature, reaction time and solvent type are necessary to get the highest yield of biofuel during the transesterification process. [178][179][180] This follows a thorough technical feasibility analysis of operating conditions, which is necessary in order to make an informed investment decision in the biorefinery industry. To obtain the best yields of biofuel that meet biofuels standards, the analysis must take into account a number of operating parameters related to the bio refinery technology, feedstock, and other essential aspects.…”

Section: Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Operating conditions have a significant impact on the viability of the biofuel production process. It has been determined that a number of operating conditions, such as catalyst type, reactor type, feedstock attributes and availability, agitation speed, temperature, reaction time and solvent type are necessary to get the highest yield of biofuel during the transesterification process 178–180 . This follows a thorough technical feasibility analysis of operating conditions, which is necessary in order to make an informed investment decision in the biorefinery industry.…”

Section: Bioenergy Systems: a Techno‐economic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Kichonge

Kivevele

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Given the benefits of biofuels over conventional fuels, there is concern that widespread production of biofuels from edible feedstocks to meet demand will lead to food insecurity and other socioeconomic challenges. Thus, the goal of this research is to look into the techno‐economic potential of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as primary feedstocks for biofuel production in Africa. The inability of biofuel to cope in the fuel market has been demonstrated to be due to the high production costs, which limit profitability because the end price is heavily influenced by that of conventional fuel. However, the high production costs are entirely due not only to components such as feedstock, conversion processes, and infrastructure but also to a lack of techno‐economic assessment (TEA). African biofuel production can be competitively industrialized through the adoption of strong supportive policies and programs. Adoption of these policies and programs is critical for capitalizing on the benefits of non‐edible feedstocks in biofuel production while also boosting rural development through job creation. Techno‐economic assessment of conversion processes and infrastructure is recommended to provide a clear picture of the techno‐economic aspects, serving as a blueprint for the design of biofuel production facilities. Further, TEA has been shown to be a useful tool in the development process of new technologies aimed at lowering overall production costs and making biofuel more affordable. The combination of TEA and enabling policies and programs will increase the price competitiveness of biofuels, allowing them to capture a sizable share of the fuel market.

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Section: Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioenergy Systems: a Techno‐economic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Kichonge

Kivevele

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Di sisi lain, tantangan industri biodiesel adalah harga bahan baku minyak sawit mentah (CPO) yang berfluktuasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan minyak bumi. Biaya bahan baku berkontribusi hampir 80% dari total biaya produksi biodiesel (Lam, Jamalluddin, & Lee, 2019;Lam, Tan, Lee, & Mohamed, 2009). Biaya produksi biodiesel minyak sawit adalah 0,85 USD/L (Indrawan et al, 2017) sedangkan biaya produksi petrodiesel hanya berkisar 0,42 USD/L hingga 0,58 USD/L (IEA, 2020).…”

Section: Prospek Biodiesel DI Indonesiaunclassified

Teknologi Proses Untuk Produksi Biodiesel Berbasis Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Latisya

2022

war

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Pengenalan kembali minyak nabati ke mesin diesel memicu berkembangnya penelitian biodiesel. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kembali latar belakang, perkembangan, kebijakan, dan penelitian mengenai biodiesel secara komprehensif. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dalam rangka usaha pemanfaatan minyak sawit untuk menghasilkan produk turunan yaitu energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan, sesuai standar bahan bakar mesin, ekonomis dan berkelanjutan. Biodiesel adalah mono alkil ester asam lemak yang diturunkan dari minyak nabati maupun minyak hewani. Minyak sawit merupakan sumber bahan baku biodiesel paling mendominasi di dunia karena produktivitas yang tinggi. Namun tingginya fluktuasi harga bahan baku (feedstock oil) yaitu minyak sawit rafinasi (RBDPO) menjadi salah satu isu penting. Pemerintah Indonesia memberikan dukungan terhadap industri biodiesel sawit sejak tahun 2008 hingga saat ini yakni mandat blending biodiesel dengan petrodiesel dan menginisiasi pembentukan BPDPKS sebagai dukungan mekanisme finansial. Secara teknis, biodiesel berbasis sawit sesuai untuk diaplikasikan ke mesin diesel karena memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan petrodiesel dan sesuai dengan standar SNI 7182:2015, ASTM, dan EN 14214. Biodiesel diproduksi melalui proses transesterifikasi atau esterifikasi bergantung pada kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) dalam feedstock oil dan dilakukan dengan bantuan katalis, baik katalis homogen ataupun heterogen. Industri biodiesel di Indonesia memiliki prospek yang baik. Perkembangan teknologi proses biodiesel saat ini menunjukkan kecenderungan pemilihan proses serta bahan baku yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan seperti HVO/HEFA maupun bahan baku limbah kelapa sawit (POME dan TKKS). Biodiesel berbasis sawit masih memiliki berbagai isu baik teknis maupun non teknis yang harus diselesaikan untuk menghadapi tantangan di pasar global.

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“…Several homogeneous acid catalysts such as H 2 SO 4 and HCl, have been used successfully in transesteri cation of triglycerides containing high FFA due to their strong acidic properties, low cost, and elimination of side reaction such as saponi cation [7]. The heterogeneous catalysis has the advantage for both esteri cation and transesterifcation reactions because of less sensitivity to FFA and water, less corrosive character, less the number of separation, and more environmental friendly [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of life-cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel processed by esterification of Thai domestic rare earth oxide catalysts

Rattanaphra¹,

Tawkaewb

Chuichulchermb

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Thai domestic rare earth oxides, including cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium oxides with an effect of calcination temperatures (500–1000 OC), were utilized as catalysts for twelve alternatives Jatropha biodiesel via esterification reaction. This study applied LCA methodology to analyse energy efficiency and global warming impact. The net energy ratios from well-to-wheel of conventional Jatropha biodiesel using the La2O3 catalyst in all condition (0.89−1.02) are found to be potential fuels for substituting conventional diesel (0.86). The global warming impact of the studied conventional Jatropha process from well-to-wheel are 107.8−162.5 kg CO2 equivalent/1000 MJ, which are greater than that of conventional diesel by 18–44%. The results of process energy and global warming analysis showed the strong consumption of electricity use in hydrolysis reactor for converting triglyceride (Jatropha oil) to fatty acid (oleic acid). The net energy ratio values and global warming impact reduction of Jatropha biodiesel utilizing the waste heat of oleic acid, compared to conventional Jatropha biodiesel are 0.82–1.37 and 33.77–36.36%, respectively. The total global warming impact of Jatropha biodiesel with waste heat recovery including land use change typical abundance land into Jatropha crop was 5–45%, which was lower than that of conventional diesel and 47– 58% reduction relative to conventional Jatropha biodiesel. Jatropha biodiesel using La2O3 catalyst with calcination temperature of 600 oC showed the most environmental friendly of all studied fuels with relatively highest energy ratios (1.17–1.37) with and without waste heat recovery and lowest total global warming impact (47.9–70.7) as well as with and without land use change. The integration of material and process development by domestic catalysts and recovery waste heat would improve the sustainability choices of biofuels production from renewable resources for transportation fuels in Thailand.

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Production of Biodiesel Using Palm Oil

Cited by 17 publications

References 153 publications

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Viability of non‐edible oilseed plants and agricultural wastes as feedstock for biofuels production: a techno‐economic review from an African perspective

Teknologi Proses Untuk Produksi Biodiesel Berbasis Minyak Kelapa Sawit

Evaluation of life-cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel processed by esterification of Thai domestic rare earth oxide catalysts

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