Production of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell Char in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Abstract

Activated carbon is produced from coconut shell char using steam or carbon dioxide as the reacting gas in a 100 mm diameter fluidized bed reactor. The effect of process parameters such as reaction time, fluidizing velocity, particle size, static bed height, temperature of activation, fluidizing medium, and solid raw material on activation is studied. The product is characterized by determination of iodine number and BET surface area. The product obtained in the fluidized bed reactor is much superior in quality to the activated carbons produced by conventional processes. Based on the experimental observations, the optimum values of process parameters are identified.

Preparation of steam activated carbon from rubberwood sawdust (Hevea brasiliensis) and its adsorption kinetics

“…Further increase in activation time at 750 • C leads to complete burn off due to very high gasification rates. The observed trend agreed with those reported in the literatures [8,13].…”

“…Considerable amount of work using fluidized bed reactor (FBR) for the preparation of activated carbon by steam/CO 2 /N 2 from various sources has been carried out. Fossil materials like miike coal [2], Spanish HV bituminous coal char [3][4][5], semi anthracite char [6], coal and pitch coke [7], the shell-based agricultural wastes like coconut shell [8,9], palm shell [10,11], almond shell [12] and agricultural waste materials like olive seed waste residue [13,14], pine waste [15], pine wood [16] and wood char [17] have been used as a raw material. Steam activation at higher temperatures gave better activation and enhanced widening of the narrow micro-pore network.…”

Sorbents for mercury removal from flue gas

“…Many activated carbons and 23 chars have been examined for their ability to remove mercury from flue gas. The carbon can originate from the coal [11][12][13]16,52,71,79], plant materials such as coconut shell, pine wood, or grains [16,48,79], and polymers [21] such as saran.…”

“…The method of activation is often a high temperature steam treatment [11][12][13]48,52,79]. The manufacture of activated carbons is a complex art.…”

Modeling and Optimization of Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions onto Local Activated Carbon

“…However, the use of these methods is often limited due to the high cost, which makes them unfavorable for the needs of developing countries. Many reports have been investigatedthe low-cost adsorbents for Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions (Souag et al, 2009)such as date pits (Belhachemi et al, 2009) bamboo(Kannan&Veemaraj, 2009) oil palm fibre (Hameedet al, 2011;Nwabanne&Igbokwe, 2012), coconut shell (Satya et al, 1997), apricot stones (Philip&Girgis, 1996), sugar beet bagasse (Jaguaribe et al, 2000), waste tires (Teng et al, 2000;Juan et al, 2005;Mui et al, 2010), coconut husk, seed shell (Gueu et al,2006), dates stones (Alhamed&Bamufleh, 2008), sun flower (Surchi, 2011), asphaltic carbon (Ambursa et al, 2011), Henna Leaves (Shanthi&Selvarajan, 2012.The intrinsic properties of activated carbon are dependent on the raw material source. The source of raw material was based on the need for developing low cost absorbent for pollution control as well as reducing the effect of environmental degradation poised by agricultural waste .…”