Production of a Solvent, Detergent, and Thermotolerant Lipase by a Newly Isolated <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. in Submerged and Solid‐State Fermentations

Khoramnia, Anahita; Ebrahimpour, Afshin; Beh, Boon Kee; Lai, Oi‐Ming

doi:10.1155/2011/702179

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Acinetobacter spp., which are Gammaproteobacteria within the Moraxellaceae family, are notably enriched during giardiasis. Acinetobacter species, such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, grow using diverse carbon sources, including acetate, ethanol, and exotic hydrocarbons, and have been promoted to degrade these compounds in contaminated environments (81,82). It is possible that during giardiasis, Acinetobacter spp.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia Alters Commensal Microbial Diversity throughout the Murine Gut

et al. 2017

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Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified protozoan cause of intestinal infection. Over 200 million people are estimated to have acute or chronic giardiasis, with infection rates approaching 90% in areas where Giardia is endemic. Despite its significance in global health, the mechanisms of pathogenesis associated with giardiasis remain unclear, as the parasite neither produces a known toxin nor induces a robust inflammatory response. Giardia colonization and proliferation in the small intestine of the host may, however, disrupt the ecological homeostasis of gastrointestinal commensal microbes and contribute to diarrheal disease associated with giardiasis. To evaluate the impact of Giardia infection on the host microbiota, we used culture-independent methods to quantify shifts in the diversity of commensal microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract in mice infected with Giardia. We discovered that Giardia's colonization of the small intestine causes a systemic dysbiosis of aerobic and anaerobic commensal bacteria. Specifically, Giardia colonization is typified by both expansions in aerobic Proteobacteria and decreases in anaerobic Firmicutes and Melainabacteria in the murine foregut and hindgut. Based on these shifts, we created a quantitative index of murine Giardia-induced microbial dysbiosis. This index increased at all gut regions during the duration of infection, including both the proximal small intestine and the colon. Giardiasis could be an ecological disease, and the observed dysbiosis may be mediated directly via the parasite's unique anaerobic fermentative metabolism or indirectly via parasite induction of gut inflammation. This systemic alteration of murine gut commensal diversity may be the cause or the consequence of inflammatory and metabolic changes throughout the gut. Shifts in the commensal microbiota may explain observed variations in giardiasis between hosts with respect to host pathology, degree of parasite colonization, infection initiation, and eventual clearance.KEYWORDS Giardia, microbiome, parasite, pathogenesis G iardia lamblia is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite of humans and animals that causes significant morbidity and diarrheal disease worldwide (1, 2). Giardiasis is a zoonotic disease with diverse animal reservoirs. Parasites infect and complete their life cycle in mammalian hosts, and infected animals shed Giardia cysts into water supplies. Over 200 million people are estimated to have acute or chronic giardiasis, and rates of giardiasis approach 90% in areas where it is endemic (3, 4). When prevalent, giardiasis has been implicated as a primary cause of growth restriction for children, resulting in long-term consequences, such as stunting, failure to thrive, malnutrition, and cognitive disabilities (1, 2, 5). In addition, Giardia has been associated with substantial postclearance irritable bowel symptoms in both children and adults (1, 6-8). The significant and adverse impact of giardiasis on global human health contrasts with a considerable lack of resea...

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia Alters Commensal Microbial Diversity throughout the Murine Gut

et al. 2017

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“…Although most of the industrial enzymes are currently produced by submerged fermentations, SSF appears a promising technology due to the advantages it offers, such as lower cost of production [12,[23][24][25]. Compared to the cost of culture medium in SmF, SSF of agro-industrial solid wastes is inexpensive, and therefore this process is industrially and economically attractive [16,21].…”

Section: Ssf Versus Smf For Lipase Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation

Ramos-Sánchez¹,

Cujilema-Quitio²,

Julián-Ricardo³

et al. 2015

J Bioprocess Biotech

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Lipases are one of the most promising enzymes in the chemical and biopharmaceutical industries. Numerous applications have been reported including fine chemistry, detergents formulation and biodiesel synthesis. Lipases are commonly produced by a wide variety of yeasts and filamentous fungi in submerged fermentation or solid-state fermentation. Filamentous fungi and yeasts usually behave more efficiently in solid-state fermentation and show greater productivities when compared to submerged fermentation. Although filamentous fungi adequately growth in solid-state fermentation, there are some limitations for cultivating them by this process. Here, a review is made about lipase production in solid-state fermentation. This includes the analysis of solid-state fermentation as a promising technology, characterization of growth media and ambient factors such as moisture, pH and temperature.

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“…This process demonstrates a wide range of beneficial effects on the environment, energy and human health, especially in rural areas of developing countries (Khoramnia et al, 2011). China is one of the largest agricultural countries and produces over 600 million tons of crop straw residues every year, ranking first in the world (MOA, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%