Fungal Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

Lipases are one of the most promising enzymes in the chemical and biopharmaceutical industries. Numerous applications have been reported including fine chemistry, detergents formulation and biodiesel synthesis. Lipases are commonly produced by a wide variety of yeasts and filamentous fungi in submerged fermentation or solid-state fermentation. Filamentous fungi and yeasts usually behave more efficiently in solid-state fermentation and show greater productivities when compared to submerged fermentation. Although filamentous fungi adequately growth in solid-state fermentation, there are some limitations for cultivating them by this process. Here, a review is made about lipase production in solid-state fermentation. This includes the analysis of solid-state fermentation as a promising technology, characterization of growth media and ambient factors such as moisture, pH and temperature.

LIPASE PRODUCTION BY Aspergillus niger GROWN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION

“…Water activity is a fundamental parameter in the mass transfer of water and nutrients through the microbial cells (Pandey, 2003;Ramos-Sánchez et al, 2015). The values of a w and pH at the beginning and at the end of the fermentation are listed in Table 3.…”

“…Nitrogen sources (organic and inorganic) used to supplement the culture medium greatly influence lipase production (Ramos-Sánchez et al, 2015). Agro-industrial wastes, besides serving as a support for microbial growth, serve as a source of nitrogen.…”

“…The concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources are among the important process parameters that have been studied and optimized (Ramos-Sánchez et al, 2015).…”

Recent advances on sources and industrial applications of lipases

“…Lipases or triacylglycerol acyl ester hydrolases belong to the serine hydrolase family; they are called carboxylic acid esterases, numbered as EC 3.1.1.3, and are a group of enzymes that are abundantly present in nature . Most of the lipases are built on α/β hydrolase fold composed of a core of predominantly eight parallel β strands forming a super‐helically twisted central β sheet surrounded by varying number of α helices.…”

“…It is to be observed that these fungal lipases can catalyze a wide range of reactions including hydrolysis, esterification, transesterification, deacetylation, alcoholysis, acidolysis, saponification, ethanolysis, hydrolytic kinetic resolution, etc. Recent advances reported on fungal lipases highlight solid‐state fermentation as a promising technology for their production . The molecular and functional diversity of the fungal lipases are detailed in another review in which the multidisciplinary approaches for designing novel enzyme variants that resulted in improved thermo‐stability and substrate specificity are discussed in .…”