Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose using Al2O3-TiO2-ZrO2 ternary catalysts

Nanoparticles for the synthesis of bio‐based chemical 5‐Hydroxymethyl furfural from agricultural waste and biomass‐derived carbohydrates‐A review

“…The obtained yield of HMF was 78% from glucose and 63% from fructose. 87 Ramesh A et al reported a SO 4 −2 /TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 catalyst in bi-phase state NaCl-(THF/H 2 O) used for the conversion of glucose to HMF prepared by a sol-gel method. The sulfidation of the catalyst was carried out using a solution method, hydrothermal method and vapor phase method using H 2 SO 4 , thiourea and poly dimethyl disulphide, respectively.…”

“…The obtained conversions were 78% HMF from glucose and 63% from fructose. 87 Lopes M et al used tin oxide catalysts prepared with H 2 SO 4 treatment and doped with alumina under different calcination temperatures. The addition of alumina to sulfonated tin oxide catalyst at low temperatures increased the surface area and acidity of the catalyst, and enhanced the chemo-selectivity.…”

Synthesis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose over carbon‐based acid–base bifunctional catalyst

“…Solid acid, 5 solid base, 11 molecular sieve, 12 heteropoly acid, and its salt 13 have been used as heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of glucose to 5‐HMF based on the advantages of easy separation and recyclability 14 . For example, a mixed oxide of Al 2 O 3 –TiO 2 –ZrO 2 was evaluated for the conversion of glucose to 5‐HMF, giving the maximum yield of 5‐HMF at 63% in a biphasic system composed of tetrahydrofuran/H 2 O 15 . Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are notable because of their high crystallinity, large specific surface area, and high porosity.…”

“…14 For example, a mixed oxide of Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 -ZrO 2 was evaluated for the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF, giving the maximum yield of 5-HMF at 63% in a biphasic system composed of tetrahydrofuran/H 2 O. 15 Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are notable because of their high crystallinity, large specific surface area, and high porosity. The yield of 5-HMF was 29% in the presence of sulfo-modified MIL-101Cr compound in a tetrahydrofuran/water system, 16 and the yield of 5-HMF was 37% when using UiO-66-SO 3 H as the catalyst.…”

Efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by multi-functionalized γ-Al2O3 beads

“…Zuo et al 11 used α-Al 2 O 3 as the Lewis acid to synergistically catalyze the dehydration of glucose to 5-HMF with the aqueous-natural deep eutectic solvent that they developed, achieving a glucose conversion of 99.9% and a 5-HMF yield of 67.1%. Cortez-Elizalde et al 12 synthesized Al 2 O 3 –TiO 2 –ZrO 2 ternary catalysts for dehydration of glucose to 5-HMF in which Al 2 O 3 was used as the main source of Lewis acid. Although they achieved 99% conversion of glucose and 78% yield of 5-HMF, unfortunately, their reaction system required high pressure.…”