Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Direct Conversion of Cellulose Using Heteropolyacid/Nb2O5 as Catalyst

Abstract

This study aimed to select the best reaction conditions to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose using heterogeneous catalyst based on a heteropolyacid (H3PW12O40—HPW) and Nb2O5. Initially, the influence of the temperature (160 or 200 °C), acetone:water ratio (50:50 or 75:25 v/v), cellulose load (5% or 10% w/v) and catalyst concentration (1% or 5% w/v) on HMF production from cellulose was evaluated through a Taguchi’s L16 screening experimental design. Afterwards, the main variables affecting this process, namely the temperature (160–240 °C) and acetone:water ratio (60:40–90:10 v/v), were optimized using a central composite rotatable design. Next, a kinetic study on HMF production from cellulose was carried out. Finally, HMF production from cellulose obtained from different biomass sources was evaluated. It was found that the reaction conditions able to result in maximum HMF yield, i.e., around 20%, were 200 °C, acetone:water ratio of 75:25 (v/v), 10% w/v of cellulose, and 5% w/v of catalyst concentration. The kinetic study revealed that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson approach fit to the experimental data. Under the optimized conditions, the catalyst HPW/Nb2O5 was also effective in converting different sources of cellulose into HMF.

Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural: Effects of Acidity and Porosity of Different Catalysts in the Conversion, Selectivity, and Yield

“…Among the aluminosilicates, different trend orders can be observed for conversion and selectivity. The conventional conversion of fructose to HMF involves mainly two types of acid sites (Brønsted and Lewis), with Brønsted sites being considered more important in the dehydration of hexoses [11,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The calculated activation energy of that conversion in aqueous neutral pH is about 310 kJ/mol, which is very high and, in the absence of a catalyst, leads to a slow reaction [11].…”

“…In (b), possible intermediates during the reaction are indicated, which is also very dependent on the solvent [12,30]. In (c), important by-products are shown, such as levulinic and formic acids that are produced by rehydration of HMF [9,31,34]. Accordingly, structural and reactivity parameters are analyzed in the following sections to explain the results as observed in Table 1.…”

Solidified and Immobilized Heteropolyacids for the Valorization of Lignocellulose

“…Nogueira et al. investigated the direct conversion of cellulose to HMF [100] . Given that the three‐step reaction requires a catalyst that combines both, Lewis and Brønsted acidity, H 3 PW was immobilized on a Lewis acidic Nb 2 O 5 support.…”

“…Nogueira et al investigated the direct conversion of cellulose to HMF. [100] Given that the three-step reaction requires a catalyst that combines both, Lewis and Brønsted acidity, H 3 PW was immobilized on a Lewis acidic Nb 2 O 5 support. FT-IR spectroscopy reveals that the Keggin structure of H 3 PW is preserved during the impregnation process.…”

Uso de compostos de nióbio como catalisadores na produção de biocombustíveis: uma revisão

“…García-Sancho, Agirrezabal-Telleria, et al, 2014;C. García-Sancho, Rubio-Caballero, et al, 2014;Molina et al, 2015;Tirsoaga et al, 2021), hydrolysis (Campisi et al, 2018;Carniti et al, 2016;Catrinck et al, 2020;Maciel et al, 2020;Nogueira et al, 2020), oxidation (Cecchi et al, 2018;Chagas et al, 2013;Ding et al, 2020;Oliveira et al, 2012;Tran et al, 2019;Wasalathanthri et al, 2019;Wolski, 2020), esterification and transesterification (Câmara & Aranda, 2011;Deshmane et al, 2010;Cristina García-Sancho et al, 2011;Gonçalves et al, 2011;Hoekman et al, 2012;Miranda et al, 2011;Rezende et al, 2019;Singh et al, 2019), isomerization (Carniti et al, 2016;Kitano et al, 2012;Nogueira et al, 2020;Scaldaferri & Pasa, 2019a, 2019bWei et al, 2019), and photocatalytic reactions (Costa et al, 2020;Hashemzadeh et al, 2014;Moraes et al, 2020;Raba-Paéz et al, 2020). In the literature, the niobium compounds most used as catalysts are niobium pentoxide, niobic acid, and niobium phosphate.…”