Production and optimization of single cell protein from orange peels by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Deficiency in protein is increasing worldwide especially in developing countries. Protein from microbial biomass termed as Single Cell Protein (SCP) can be considered as an alternative to conventional source of food. This research work was carried out to produce single cell protein from orange peels by Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from spoilt tomato fruit and to optimize cultural condition in order to obtain a maximum amount of biomass concentration thus, the protein quantity. The proximate content of the peel was analysed using standard method. Carbohydrates was 59.96%, fibre (14.03%), moisture (12.07%), fat (9.11%), ash (5.21%) and protein (1.02%). Results of this study revealed that the optimum pH in which a maximum growth (1790 ppm) of biomass was obtained was at pH 7.0 after 120 hours of incubation. The effect of Incubation temperature showed that maximum biomass growth (1145 ppm) was obtained at 37°C after 96 hours of incubation. Effect of substrate concentration revealed that biomass concentration increased with increase in substrate concentration. Maximum protein with minimal nucleic acid content was obtained at incubation temperature of 37°C. In conclusion, it may not be favourable to incubate the fermentation medium at temperature above 55°C and pH below 4.0 for production of SCP using Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Review on Production of Single-Cell Protein from Food Wastes

“…Lignocellulose wastes from millions of tons of wheat, rice, and corn processed globally are potential raw materials for SCP production (Said et al, 2019). It can be produced from wheat bran (Yunus et al, 2015), orange peel (Milala et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019), banana peel (Jiru and Melku, 2018;Oshoma et al, 2017), pineapple waste (Mensah and Twumasi, 2017;Anichebe et al, 2019), potato, paper, and corncob starch waste residue (Al-Hadithi et al, 2018), rice straw, bagasse, and coffee husk (Said et al, 2019), tofu and cheese wastes (Putri et al, 2018), bele's fruit peel (Haddish, 2015), pulp, juice, and peel of lemon and orange (Mahan et al, 2018), potato wastewater and glycerol (Kurcz et al, 2018), sugarcane bagasse (Samadi et al, 2016), papaya (Rajendran et al, 2018), sugar beet pulp, cassava, coconut, grape and mango wastes (Suman et al, 2015).…”

“…Oshoma et al (2017) isolated Aspergillus niger from an onion bulb spoiled at ambient conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is the most common organism used in SCP production can be isolated from palm wine (Mensah and Twumasi, 2017), rotten tomato (Milala et al, 2018). Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from bread produced biomass rich in essential amino acids (Ahuja and Kumari, 2019).…”

“…After autoclaving and enrichment (if required), the growth medium is inoculated with the microbial colony that will grow into biomass. Optimum fermentation temperatures range from 28 to 37°C, and incubation time is 48 hours and above depending on the organism (Rajendran et al, 2018;Milala et al, 2018;Ahuja and Kumari, 2019).…”

“…The Possibility of harvesting methanotrophic biomass by dewatering using forward osmosis was reported by Valverde-Pérez et al (2020). The Protein content of the harvested biomass is determined using micro Kjeldahl method (Milala et al, 2018;Jiru and Melku, 2018;Rajendran et al, 2018) or Lowry's method (Ahuja and Kumari, 2019) Potential Organisms for the Production of SCP Microorganisms occupied an essential position in the history of the human diet, their roles in early processing operations were recognized in the production of fermented food (Nalage et al, 2016). The most used organism in the production of SCP is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.…”

“…Proteins are the building blocks of the body and play essential roles in the regulation of biological processes including information processing (Shahi et al, 2017). Protein is used by humans and animals as a source of nitrogen and essential amino acids; for bodybuilding and repair, regulation of biochemical processes, and synthesis of energy under certain conditions (Ritala et al, 2017;Milala et al, 2018). The term Single Cell Protein (SCP) was first coined in 1966 by Carol Wilson to described protein from microbial biomass (Nasseri et al, 2011).…”