We examine whether and how competitive pressure in the product market influences the cost of equity capital. Using a large panel of U.S. public firms, we find that intensification of product market competition results in lower equity financing costs. Our results are statistically significant and economically sizable. In line with the view of the disciplinary role of product market competition, we show that corporate governance, payout policy, and investment policy are channels through which competitive pressure influences the cost of equity capital.
JEL Classification: G18, G32"If we will not endure a king as political power, we should not endure a king over the production, transportation and sale of any of the necessaries of life." Senator John Sherman, author of the Antitrust Act of 1890We acknowledge helpful comments from