Product distribution of pyrolysis of polystyrene foam waste using catalyst of natural zeolite and nickel/silica

Maryudi, Maryudi; Salamah, Siti; Aktawan, Agus

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012012

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[99] Natural zeolites in the protonated form have been used for PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS, PP/HDPE, EVA, and PET degradations and have shown moderate cracking ability and improved yields of liquid product, while also increasing char production. [98,99,107,111,112,[182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194] However, catalyst efficiency has been strongly correlated to p/c ratio. [191,192] For example, when catalyzing polystyrene at a high p/c ratio at 450°C, natural zeolite has been found to decrease liquid and gas production as compared to thermal degradation while significantly increasing char concentration.…”

Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[191,192] At lower p/c ratios, liquid yield at 460°C for PS degradation increased as compared to thermal degradation. [193] The liquid oil had high concentrations of diphenyl substances, a new product stream not seen in thermal degradation, and the natural zeolite had low selectivity towards styrene production. [193] In addition, natural zeolites often contain impurities such as Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe in various amounts which have been hypothesized to induce further reactions.…”

Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[193] In addition, natural zeolites often contain impurities such as Na, Mg, S, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe in various amounts which have been hypothesized to induce further reactions. [191,193] It is important to note that industrial conversion of PSW requires the use well-controlled catalysts to ensure consistent and reproducible products. Because of this, natural catalysts are not desirable because the quality, composition, and impurity levels vary from batch to batch.…”

Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[94,185,186,195,196] For example, impregnating silica with Ni will cause the Ni dopant to become acidic, which induces cracking, resulting in dramatic increases in liquid yield with improved selectivity to lighter, olefinic hydrocarbons. [193] Because of this, nickel and other transition metals have been heavily studied as dopant or heteroatom replacements within zeolitic catalysts. [104,113,[197][198][199][200] These metal dopants will result in different metal-support interactions dependent on their dispersion, which can result in variations in product yields.…”

Section: Doped Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally occurring silica‐rich zeolites, such as clinoptilolite and mordenite, are studied as potential catalyst materials because they are readily available and inexpensive [99] . Natural zeolites in the protonated form have been used for PP, HDPE, LDPE, PS, PP/HDPE, EVA, and PET degradations and have shown moderate cracking ability and improved yields of liquid product, while also increasing char production [98,99,107,111,112,182–194] . However, catalyst efficiency has been strongly correlated to p/c ratio [191,192] .…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

2020

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, respectively. Her graduate research focused on the fundamental understanding of deoxygenation mechanisms for biomass probe molecules on single crystals and thin films. During her graduate career, she received the DOE Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award (2019) and conducted surface science research at Brookhaven National Lab. She now is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on surface spectroscopy and controlled design of heterogeneous catalysts. Melissa C. Cendejas received her B.A. (2016) in Chemistry and English from Williams College. There, she worked on the synthesis of conjugated organic molecules and phosphorusbased surfactants. She then started her PhD in Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison under the supervision of Prof. Ive Hermans. She studies active site formation on boron-based catalysts. She received the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) award (2020) to perfrom in situ x-ray spectroscopy of catalysts at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsourse. Prof. Dr. Ive Hermans obtained his Ph.D. from KU Leuven University in Belgium in 2006. In addition to his scientific education, he also holds a postgraduate degree in Business Administration (KU Leuven, 2006). After postdoctoral research on in situ spectroscopy and reaction engineering with Prof. Alfons Baiker, he became assistant professor for heterogeneous catalysis (spring 2008) at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. January 2014, Prof. Hermans moved to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, holding a dual appointment in the Department of Chemistry and the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. His group focuses on the mechanistic understanding of catalytic technology using a variety of techniques.

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Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Natural Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doped Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

2020

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Transition Metal Catalysts for Depolymerization

Luk,

Kumar

2023

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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The global production and use of plastics is ever increasing, and consequently, so is plastic waste. Chemical recycling or depolymerization offers a potentially sustainable solution to the crisis of plastic pollution, enabling the production of either valuable organic compounds or monomers for a closed‐loop system. A vast amount of such depolymerization processes involve transition‐metal‐based catalysts. This review article provides a synopsis of various methods used for the transition‐metal‐catalyzed depolymerization of plastics. Processes based on both hetero‐ and homogeneous catalysts have been reviewed along with details of commercialized processes where relevant. The content has been divided on the basis of the type of plastics—polyolefins (polyethenes, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride), polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyureas. Processes based on pyrolysis, hydrogenolysis, and solvolysis have been discussed throughout the article as promising tools for the depolymerization of plastics. Considering that there is a plethora of literature on plastic degradation, we have focused only on the processes where a transition metal is used as a catalyst under thermal conditions. Therefore, several other processes such as plastic degradation using enzyme, plasma, supercritical solvents, and ionic liquid or photodegradation have been deemed out of scope of this article.

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Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

2021

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Waste plastics are non‐degradable constituents that can stay in the environment for centuries. Their large land space consumption is unsafe to humans and animals. Concomitantly, the continuous engineering of plastics, which causes depletion of petroleum, poses another problem since they are petroleum‐based materials. Therefore, energy recovering trough pyrolysis is an innovative and sustainable solution since it can be practiced without liberating toxic gases into the atmosphere. The most commonly used plastics, such as HDPE, LDPE (high‐ and low‐density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PS (polystyrene), and, to some extent, PC (polycarbonate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and PET (polyethylene terephthalate), are used for fuel oil recovery through this process. The oils which are generated from the wastes showed caloric values almost comparable with conventional fuels. The main aim of the present review is to highlight and summarize the trends of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic into valuable fuel products through manipulating the operational parameters that influence the quality or quantity of the recovered results. The properties and product distribution of the pyrolytic fuels and the depolymerization reaction mechanisms of each plastic and their byproduct composition are also discussed.

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Product distribution of pyrolysis of polystyrene foam waste using catalyst of natural zeolite and nickel/silica

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste

Transition Metal Catalysts for Depolymerization

Recent Trends in the Pyrolysis of Non‐Degradable Waste Plastics

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