Producing low-cost cellulose nanofiber from sludge as new source of raw materials

Jonoobi, Mehdi; Mathew, Aji P.; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.018

Cited by 200 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Unmodified nanofibrils were prepared according to a process previously reported (Jonoobi et al 2012) from fibre sludge, which had a cellulose and hemicellulose content of 95 and 4.75 %, respectively, and was kindly provided by Processum AB (Domsjö, Sweden). Briefly, the sludge raw material was immersed in distilled water at a consistency of 3 wt% for 2 h and then dispersed using a mechanical blender (Silverson L4RT, Chesham Bucks, England) at 3000 rpm for 10 min.…”

Section: Preparation Of Unmodified Cnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of CNF-0 from fibre sludge, an industrial waste stream material, resulted in cellulose nanofibrils with diameters between 10 and 100 nm, with the maximum of the diameter distribution being located around 30 nm, and lengths in the lm region (Jonoobi et al 2012). This base material was used directly for the production of nanopapers as well as for the preparation of phosphorylated CNF-P.…”

Section: Phosphorylated Cnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNF can be produced from industrial waste streams, for example fibre sludge, and do not necessarily require chemicals or solvents for their production. Thus, a material from a renewable resource is at hand which has the capacity to adsorb pollutants from aqueous solutions (Klemm et al 2011;Jonoobi et al 2012). Phosphatemodified CNF were recently shown to be particularly suitable as adsorbent for heavy metals (Božič et al 2014;Liu et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions

Mautner

Maples

Kobkeatthawin

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

113

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Copper is a major problem in industrial wastewater streams, seriously affecting the quality of potential drinking water. Several approaches, including continuous membrane processes or batch-wise application of adsorbents, are in use to tackle this problem. Unfortunately, these processes suffer from their particular drawbacks, such as low permeance or disposal of saturated adsorbents. However, a combination of these processes could constitute a step towards a more efficient copper removal solution. Here, we present a nanopaper ion-exchanger prepared from cellulose nanofibrils produced from fibre sludge, a paper industry waste stream, for the efficient, continuous removal of copper from aqueous solutions. This nanopaper ion-exchanger comprises phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils that were processed into nanopapers by papermaking. The performance of these phosphorylated nanopaper membranes was determined with respect to their rejection of copper and permeance. It was shown that this new type of nanopaper is capable of rejecting copper ions during a filtration process by adsorption. Results suggest that functional groups on the surface of the nanopapers contribute to the adsorption of copper ions to a greater extent than phosphate groups within the bulk of the nanopaper. Moreover, we demonstrated that those nanopaper ion-exchangers could be regenerated and reused and that in the presence of calcium ions, the adsorption capacity for copper was only slightly reduced.

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Section: Preparation Of Unmodified Cnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phosphorylated Cnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions

Mautner

Maples

Kobkeatthawin

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

113

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“…Nanofibra é um termo geral que classifica a celulose que possui pelo menos uma de suas dimensões em escala nanométrica [16] . Um dos tipos de nanofibra, a celulose nanofibrilada (NFC), também é chamada de celulose microfibrilada, microfibrila, nanofibras de celulose, celulose nanofibrilar ou microfibras, são agregados de fibras longas e flexíveis compostas de regiões amorfas e cristalinas com diâmetro de 10 a 100 nm e com comprimento de vários micrometros, possuem elevada área superficial e elevada razão de aspecto [16][17][18][19][20] . Este tipo de nanofibra é obtido, geralmente, por processo mecânico, sendo que outros processos auxiliares podem ser empregados, tais como processo enzimático, oxidação mediada por N-oxil-2,2,6,6-tetrametilpiperidina (TEMPO), carboximetilação ou acetilação [19,21] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Obtenção de espumas flexíveis de poliuretano com celulose de Pinus elliottii

et al. 2017

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ResumoNeste trabalho foram desenvolvidas espumas flexíveis de poliuretano com a adição de celulose de Pinus nas concentrações de 0,5; 1 e 2% (m/m). A celulose foi submetida ao processo de fibrilação mecânica e posterior secagem por aspersão (spray dry) sendo caracterizada quanto a sua morfologia por MEV e MET. As espumas foram produzidas pelo método de batelada (one-shot) com a adição e mistura da fibra junto ao poliol. As espumas foram caracterizadas por MEV, densidade aparente e resistência à compressão. Os principais resultados indicam que a fibrilação mecânica promove a obtenção de fibras em escala nanométrica, porém durante a secagem, ocorre aglomeração ocasionando aumento para escala micrométrica. As propriedades mecânicas da espuma obtiveram acréscimos de 40 e 50% na resistência à compressão com a adição de 0,5 e 1% de celulose, respectivamente, evidenciando seu potencial como aditivo alternativo para o desenvolvimento de espumas de poliuretano. Palavras-chave: celulose, espuma, fibrilação, poliuretano, spray dry. AbstractIn this work, flexible polyurethane foams were developed with the addition of Pinus cellulose at concentrations of 0.5; 1 and 2 wt%. The cellulose was subjected to mechanical fibrillation process and subsequent dried by spray dry process. It was characterized morphologically by SEM and TEM. The foams were produced by one-shot method by adding and mixing the fiber with the polyol. The foams were characterized by SEM, apparent density and compression strength. The main results indicate that the mechanical fibrillation promotes the obtainment of nanoscale fibers, but during the drying process, agglomeration occurs causing an increase reaching the micrometer scale. The mechanical properties of the foam increased by 40 and 50% in compressive strength with the addition of 0.5% and 1% of cellulose, respectively, showing its potential as an alternative additive for the development of polyurethane foams.

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“…The fibrillation occurring upon ultrafine grinding is a result of complex phenomena that are affected by the concentration of the suspensions, gap between the grinding stones (Wang et al 2012), speed of rotation of the grinding stones (Jonoobi et al 2012), and the processing time (Nair et al 2014), all of which contribute to the energy consumption of the process and the quality of the nanofibers. Hence, in terms of evaluating the efficiency of a process, the strength, stiffness, strain and density at different fibrillation times, was plotted against the energy consumed during the grinding, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable ionic liquids enable efficient nanofibrillation of wood pulp

et al. 2017

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Use of switchable ionic liquid (SIL) pulp offers an efficient and greener technology to produce nanofibers via ultrafine grinding. In this study, we demonstrate that SIL pulp opens up a mechanically efficient route to the nanofibrillation of wood pulp, thus providing both a low cost and chemically benign route to the production of cellulose nanofibers. The degree of fibrillation during the process was evaluated by viscosity and optical microscopy of SIL treated, bleached SIL treated and a reference pulp. Furthermore, films were prepared from the fibrillated material for characterization and tensile testing. It was observed that substantially improved mechanical properties were attained as a result of the grinding process, thus signifying nanofibrillation. Both SIL treated and bleached SIL treated pulps were fibrillated into nanofibers with fiber diameters below 15 nm thus forming networks of hydrophilic nature with an intact crystalline structure. Notably, it was found that the SIL pulp could be fibrillated more efficiently than traditional pulp since nanofibers could be produced with more than 30% less energy when compared to the reference pulp. Additionally, bleaching reduced the energy demand by further 16%. The study demonstrated that this switchable ionic liquid treatment has considerable potential in the commercial production of nanofibers due to the increased efficiency in fibrillation.

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Producing low-cost cellulose nanofiber from sludge as new source of raw materials

Cited by 200 publications

References 23 publications

Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions

Phosphorylated nanocellulose papers for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions

Obtenção de espumas flexíveis de poliuretano com celulose de Pinus elliottii

Switchable ionic liquids enable efficient nanofibrillation of wood pulp

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