1990
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90074-3
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Producing health, consuming health care

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Cited by 543 publications
(248 citation statements)
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“…What distinguishes final from intermediate outcomes is their immediate relevance to the patient's sense of well-being (Hollandsworth 1988;Evans & Stoddard 1990;Bowling 1991). The distinction is between measures of goal attainment and measures which predict goal attainment (Read 1993).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…What distinguishes final from intermediate outcomes is their immediate relevance to the patient's sense of well-being (Hollandsworth 1988;Evans & Stoddard 1990;Bowling 1991). The distinction is between measures of goal attainment and measures which predict goal attainment (Read 1993).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, the decision to develop a preconceptional as opposed to prenatal intervention program is based on the "integrated perinatal health framework" by Misra and her colleagues [25]. This framework incorporates a lifespan perspective on reproductive health and classifies risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes based on the Evans and Stoddart [28] model of health determinants. This classification distinguishes between "distal" (e.g., family context, genetic factors) and "proximal" (e.g., psychosocial stress, chronic conditions, etc.)…”
Section: Rationale For the Interventionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the exception of those pathways based on stress (neuroimmunological) mechanisms, the published frameworks in the behavioral sciences and epidemiological literature largely lack clearly stated, causal biologic connections to observed health outcomes. 2,4,5,7,10,11 On the other hand, the biologically oriented formulations poorly account for socioenvironmental and behavioral effect modifiers that may affect the pathogenesis of disease and the development of health disparities. [12][13][14][15] Secondly, the terminology used to characterize the effects of causal agents has not been standardized across disciplines and is derived from toxicology, biostatistics, epidemiology, sociology, 16 and the clinical/bench sciences.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%