Producción y viviparidad de nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) en relación con la humedad del suelo

Abstract

Introduction: Viviparity in pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) has increased considerably. This genetic-environmental phenomenon can be controlled with soil moisture management and other quality variables.Objective: To determine the effect of soil moisture content on yield, nut size, kernel percentage and germinated nut on the tree.Materials and methods: Forty-year-old pecan nut trees were irrigated by 40 emitters with an output of 3.2 L∙h-1. From the phenological stage of shell hardening, irrigation time was 4, 6 and 8 h, corresponding to moisture levels of 0.257, 0.327 and 0.380 m3 of water per m3 of soil, at depths of 40 to 80 cm. Yield per tree, germinated nut percentage, fruit size and kernel percentage were evaluated during the production cycles of 2016 and 2017 production cycles.Results and discussion: During the two production cycles, when soil moisture level increased from 0.257 to 0.380 m3∙m-3, nut yield per tree, fruit length and diameter, and kernel percentage increased on average 23.8 %, 25.3 and 10 %, and 1.8 %, respectively; however, vivipary increased 11.2 %, which was reflected in the decrease of commercial pecan nut percentage. Treatments 0.327 and 0.380 m3∙m-3 had a similar effect (P > 0.05) on these variables.Conclusions: The lower moisture level (0.257 m3∙m-3), starting at the kernel filling stage, decreased vivipary and increased commercial kernel percentage.

Protocolos de extracción de ARN total a partir del tejido embrionario de nuez pecanera (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch)

“…K. Koch), due to its extensive climatic adaptation and high profitability, is a widely cultivated species in northern Mexico (Cruz-Álvarez et al, 2020;Orona Castillo, Sangerman-Jarquín, Fortis Hernández, Vázquez Vázquez, & Gallegos Robles, 2013). Regions with populations of Carya genus have extreme conditions with high temperatures and low precipitation, especially in autumn, a situation that, combined with high humidity, favors nut viviparity in native trees growing in spontaneous populations (Sparks, 2005), and in commercial orchards (Rodríguez-González et al, 2022). The commercial importance of C. illinoinensis has led to the study of viviparity and several investigations report the control of this phenomenon (Barrera, Guillen, Tamargo, Rangel, & Murrieta, 2017;García-Moreno, Báez-Sañudo, Mercado-Ruiz, García-Robles, & Núñez-Moreno, 2020;Wood, 2015); however, the molecular mechanism of gene expression related to viviparity is scarcely documented, so it is important to study them.…”

“…K. Koch), por su extensa adaptación climática y alta rentabilidad, es una especie cultivada ampliamente en el norte de México (Cruz-Álvarez et al, 2020;Orona Castillo, Sangerman-Jarquín, Fortis Hernández, Vázquez Vázquez, & Gallegos Robles, 2013). Las regiones con poblaciones del género Carya poseen condiciones extremas de temperaturas elevadas y precipitación baja, particularmente en otoño, situación que, en combinación con la humedad elevada, propicia la viviparidad de la nuez en árboles criollos que crecen en poblaciones espontáneas (Sparks, 2005), así como en huertas comerciales (Rodríguez-González et al, 2022). Debido a la importancia comercial de C. illinoinensis, la viviparidad ha sido objeto de estudio y varias investigaciones reportan el control de este fenómeno (Barrera, Guillen, Tamargo, Rangel, & Murrieta, 2017;García-Moreno, Báez-Sañudo, Mercado-Ruiz, García-Robles, & Núñez-Moreno, 2020;Wood, 2015); sin embargo, el mecanismo molecular de la expresión de genes relacionados con la viviparidad se encuentra poco documentado, por lo que resulta importante el estudio de estos.…”