Procyanidins from grape seeds protect endothelial cells from peroxynitrite damage and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation in human artery: new evidences for cardio-protection

Aldini, Giancarlo; Carini, Marina; Piccoli, Angela; Rossoni, Giuseppe; Facino, Roberto Maffei

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00697-0

Cited by 129 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The extent in which photoinhibition affects the survival of the plant depends on its physiological status dictated by the prevailing environmental conditions, the efficiency of protective mechanisms against excess energy and the repair processes to restore normal photosynthesis (Krause and Weis, 1991). Nitro-oxidative abiotic stress can also cause damage to in vitro cultures and, in grapevine, procyanidins were shown to have a protective action against the damage caused by peroxisome peroxynitrite thus formed (Aldini et al, 2003).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In In Vitro Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress homeostasis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Carvalho

Vidigal

Amâncio

2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Plants can maintain growth and reproductive success by sensing changes in the environment and reacting through mechanisms at molecular, cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. Each stress condition prompts a unique response although some overlap between the reactions to abiotic stress (drought, heat, cold, salt or high light) and to biotic stress (pathogens) does occur. A common feature in the response to all stresses is the onset of oxidative stress, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As hydrogen peroxide and superoxide are involved in stress signaling, a tight control in ROS homeostasis requires a delicate balance of systems involved in their generation and degradation. If the plant lacks the capacity to generate scavenging potential, this can ultimately lead to death. In grapevine, antioxidant homeostasis can be considered at whole plant levels and during the development cycle. The most striking example lies in berries and their derivatives, such as wine, with nutraceutical properties associated with their antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant homeostasis is tightly regulated in leaves, assuring a positive balance between photosynthesis and respiration, explaining the tolerance of many grapevine varieties to extreme environments. In this review we will focus on antioxidant metabolites, antioxidant enzymes, transcriptional regulation and cross-talk with hormones prompted by abiotic stress conditions. We will also discuss three situations that require specific homeostasis balance: biotic stress, the oxidative burst in berries at veraison and in vitro systems. The genetic plasticity of the antioxidant homeostasis response put in evidence by the different levels of tolerance to stress presented by grapevine varieties will be addressed. The gathered information is relevant to foster varietal adaptation to impending climate changes, to assist breeders in choosing the more adapted varieties and suitable viticulture practices.

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Section: Oxidative Stress In In Vitro Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress homeostasis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Carvalho

Vidigal

Amâncio

2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In addition, they showed that a mixture of procyanidin dimers was more active than individual molecules and that mice fed daily with this mixture had significant reductions in androgen-dependent tumor growth. Moreover, other reports have shown that the relaxing activity of procyanidins in rat and human artery endothelium tended to increase as a function of polymerization degree (51,52). Further studies are needed to analyze whether procyanidin polymers exert their inhibiting effects in our system through a signaling pathway, which remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Apple procyanidins decrease cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein secretion in Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes

Vidal

Hernàndez-Vallejo

Pauquai

et al. 2005

Journal of Lipid Research

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Decrease of plasma lipid levels by polyphenols was linked to impairment of hepatic lipoprotein secretion. However, the intestine is the first epithelium that faces dietary compounds, and it contributes to lipid homeostasis by secreting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during the postprandial state. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of apple and wine polyphenol extracts on lipoprotein synthesis and secretion in human Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes apically supplied with complex lipid micelles. Our results clearly demonstrate that apple, but not wine, polyphenol extract dose-dependently decreases the esterification of cholesterol and the enterocyte secretion of lipoproteins. Apple polyphenols decrease apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion by inhibiting apoB synthesis without increasing the degradation of the newly synthesized protein. Under our conditions, cholesterol uptake, apoB mRNA, and microsomal triglyceride protein activity were not modified by apple polyphenols. The main monomers present in our mixture did not interfere with the intestinal lipid metabolism. By contrast, apple procyanidins reproduced the inhibition of both cholesteryl ester synthesis and lipoprotein secretion. Overall, our results are compatible with a mechanism of action of polyphenols resulting in impaired lipid availability that could induce the inhibition of intestinal lipoprotein secretion and contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of these compounds in vivo. Fruit and vegetable consumption is consistently associated with a decrease in lipemia along with a decrease in the risk for cardiovascular diseases and stroke, diabetes, and obesity (1-3). Such effects are attributed to dietary fibers and phenolic compounds. Polyphenols, which are abundant in fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as tea and red wine, are very heterogenous, and their main classes are defined from the nature of their carbon skeletons (4). Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in our diet, can be divided into several classes: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, anthocyanins, flavanols, procyanidins, and flavanones. The protective effect of flavonoids against cardiovascular diseases has been attributed to several mechanisms, including inhibition of LDL oxidation (5) and of platelet aggregation (6) and improved endothelial function (7). More recently, it has been shown that flavonoids could interfere with the synthesis and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in hepatocytes (8-10).In addition to hepatocytes, enterocytes are able to synthesize intestine-specific TRLs, namely chylomicrons, the secretion of which ensures the delivery of dietary lipids to the body. TRLs are composed of a core of neutral lipids, mostly triglyceride (TG) but also cholesteryl esters, surrounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) plays a major structural role in the assembly of TRLs and is required for their secretion. In humans, hepatic TRLs (i.e., VLDLs) contain an apoB-100 isoform, whereas intesti...

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“…endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated human internal mammary artery, with a maximal vasorelaxant effect at 50 μM (Aldini et al, 2003). This effect was signifi cantly reduced (by almost 50%) following preincubation of arterial rings with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indicating the involvement of a prostanoid (Aldini et al, 2003). Therefore, in the presence of indomethacin, it was likely interesting to compare the effects of PCRC on the contractile responses induced by phenylephrine and high potassium.…”

Section: Fig 7 Upper: Infl Uence Of Pcrc Plus Indomethacin On Pcrc-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction Extracted from Rubus coreanum M on Thoracic Aortic Contractility of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Lim¹,

Min²,

Woo³

et al. 2011

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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Abstractprotection as well as inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase, pancreatin, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzyme (Cho, 2005). Recently, it has been demonstrated that polyphenol compounds (PCRC), isolated from Bokboonja liquor, inhibits the CA secretory responses evoked by cholinergic (both muscarinic and nicotinic) stimulation as well as by direct membrane-depolarization from the isolated perfused adrenal gland of the normotensive rats (Kee and Lim, 2007) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (Yu et al., 2009). It seems that this inhibitory effect of PCRC is exerted by inhibiting both the Ca 2+ infl ux into the rat adrenal medullary chromaffi n cells and the uptake of Ca 2+ into the cytoplasmic calcium store partly through the increased NO production due to the activation of nitric oxide synthase (Kee and Lim, 2007;Yu et al., 2009).Generally, the presence of polyphenolic compounds isOriginal Article

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Procyanidins from grape seeds protect endothelial cells from peroxynitrite damage and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation in human artery: new evidences for cardio-protection

Cited by 129 publications

References 45 publications

Oxidative stress homeostasis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Oxidative stress homeostasis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Apple procyanidins decrease cholesterol esterification and lipoprotein secretion in Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes

Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction Extracted from Rubus coreanum M on Thoracic Aortic Contractility of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

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