Processing Technology of Feed Wafer to Increase Feed Production and Efficiency

Abstract

Feed is one of the important factor that affect livestock productivity, so the availability of good quality feed is a requirement for livestock development in an area. In the tropical area, providing forage as a crucial feed for ruminants was hampered by fluctuating seasons. Likewise, the availability of agricultural waste as an alternative source of feed material experiences the same constraints, easily damaged, and bulky (voluminous). Therefore, feed processing technology is needed so that it is become durable, easily stored, and easily provided for livestock. One way to overcome this is to utilize technology for making wafers. Information regarding technology for making animal feed wafers in Indonesia is still limited. This paper reviews a number of studies that discuss the development of wafer processing technology, types of wafers, the main components of wafer compilers, wafer manufacturing processes, reactions that occur during wafer manufacturing, nutrient quality of various wafers, and the results of research on the use of wafers for feed livestock. Wafers are feeds that are processed using heat and pressure, so that a solid, compact, and high density product is formed. Feed wafer technology is a modification of cube and block feed. Wafers are divided into feed wafers, feed supplement wafers, and complete feed wafers. Feed wafers can be used instead of concentrates. Feed supplement wafers are high in energy and protein. Complete feed wafers contain energy, protein, fiber, and complete minerals that have been adapted to the daily nutritional needs of livestock. Feed wafer processing technology can be one of the strategies to provide feed with a constant composition of nutrients throughout the season and increase production and feed efficiency.

Kualitas Fisik Snack Bar Pakan Ternak Ruminansia Berbasis Limbah Tanaman Jagung dengan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda

“…Kandungan pati yang terdapat pada bahan perekat juga menyebabkan terjadinya proses gelatinisasi saat pemanasan. Hal ini akan menghasilkan ikatan hidrogen dan mengikat komponen pakan sehingga menghasilkan produk pakan yang kompak dan tidak mudah hancur (Retnani, Barkah, Saenab, & Taryati, 2020).…”

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“…Kendala utama pakan kambing adalah sebagai berikut: rendahnya kualitas hijauan; tingkat palatabilitas dan kecernaannya rendah, oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan teknologi yang sesuai untuk menghasilkan pakan ternak yang lebih tahan lama, lebih mudah penanganannya, lebih mudah didistribusikan dan tersedia di semua musim (Retnani, 2013). Pada musim penghujan hijauan pakan melimpah, namun pada musim kemarau hijauan pakan sangat sedikit atau bahkan tidak ada sama sekali sehingga produksi ternak dapat menurun (Retnani, 2010).…”

Growth Performance Serum Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Lambs Fed with Ration Containing Nigella Sativa Meal in Different Feed Forms

“…The combination of NSM and RAC pollard produces optimal in vitro fermentability because the resulting concentrations of VFA and NH3-N are suitable to support microbial protein synthesis (Barkah et al, 2019). Moreover, various feed processing technologies have developed with various objectives, including increasing nutrient use, maintaining feed quality, increasing feed efficiency and reducing anti-nutritional substances (Retnani et al, 2020) Feed processing technology that has evolved are pelleting and wafering. Diets containing the same nutrients given in different forms (mash, pellets and blocks) can affect feed intakeand nutrient digestibility, feed fermentation patterns in the rumen, body weight and feed conversion ratio (Karimizadeh et al, 2017), retention of calcium and phosphorus minerals, digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF.…”