The concept of wearables is rapidly evolving from flexible
polymer-based
devices to textile electronics. The reason for this shift is the ability
of textiles to ensure close contact with the skin, resulting in comfortable,
lightweight, and compact “always with you” sensors.
We are contributing to this polymer-textile transition by introducing
a novel and simple way of laser intermixing of graphene with synthetic
fabrics to create wearable sensing platforms. Our hybrid materials
exhibit high electrical conductivity (87.6 ± 36.2 Ω/sq)
due to the laser reduction of graphene oxide and simultaneous laser-induced
graphene formation on the surface of textiles. Furthermore, the composite
created between graphene and nylon ensures the durability of our materials
against sonication and washing with detergents. Both of these factors
are essential for real-life applications, but what is especially useful
is that our free-form composites could be used as-fabricated without
encapsulation, which is typically required for conventional laser-scribed
materials. We demonstrate the exceptional versatility of our new hybrid
textiles by successfully recording muscle activity, heartbeat, and
voice. We also show a gesture sensor and an electrothermal heater
embedded within a single commercial glove. Additionally, the use of
these textiles could be extended to personal protection equipment
and smart clothes. We achieve this by implementing self-sterilization
with light and laser-induced functionalization with silver nanoparticles,
which results in multifunctional antibacterial textiles. Moreover,
incorporating silver into such fabrics enables their use as surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy sensors, allowing for the direct analysis of drugs
and sweat components on the clothing itself. Our research offers valuable
insights into simple and scalable processes of textile-based electronics,
opening up new possibilities for paradigms like the Internet of Medical
Things.