Processing options for CdTe thin film solar cells

McCandless, Brian E.; Dobson, Kevin D.

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.012

Cited by 180 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The sputtered particles are thermalized by gas phase collision before they reach substrate surface. The ions are generated from local plasma (diode or planar magnetron sputtering) or a separate ion beam source (ion beam deposition) [13,14], as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Physical Vapor Deposition (Pvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CdS is called window layer due to its higher rate of light transmission [11][12][13][14]. CdS thin films are very suitable for so many other semiconductor devices and radiation detectors.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Cds Thin Film By Chemical Bath Deposition (Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CdCl 2 treatment is basically known to activate a chemical reaction between CdTe and CdS, which is the driving force for the bulk and grain-boundary inter-diffusion of CdTe and CdS [13]. However, regardless of the CdCl 2 treatment method being used, the basic mechanism by which CdCl 2 effects CdTe and CdS can be expected as a similar process [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of CdCl2 Treatment on Physical Properties of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cell

Shah¹,

Rabeel²,

Abbas³

et al. 2017

Modern Technologies for Creating the Thin-Film Systems and Coatings

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We report CdTe, CdS, and ITO thin films on glass substrates for solar cell fabrication by closed space sublimation and chemical bath deposition. CdTe and CdS thin films were sublimated to chemical treatment at 25°C in a saturated CdCl 2 solution (1.04 g/100 ml methanol) and heat treated at 400°C for 30 minutes. Indium tin oxide and tellurium films were analyzed by spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy. It has been observed that solar cell performance can be improved by depositing a CdCl 2 layer on the CdTe/CdS layers. The optical, structural, and morphological changes of CdTe and CdS surfaces on CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass solar cells due to CdCl 2 solution treatment followed by annealing for 400°C were studied. Optical analysis showed about 15% decrease in transmittance after CdCl 2 heat treatment in case of CdTe thin film, whereas CdS thin film demonstrated an increase of about 10-15% transmittance after CdCl 2 heat treatment. Similarly, a decrease in band gap values was found for both CdTe and CdS thin films after CdCl 2 heat treatment. XRD and SEM results of CdCl 2 heat-treated CdTe and CdS samples showed recrystallization, reorientation, and progressive increase in grain size. The grain sizes of CdTe and CdS samples demonstrated an increase of about 0.2 µm.

show abstract

Section: Physical Vapor Deposition (Pvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CdS is called window layer due to its higher rate of light transmission [11][12][13][14]. CdS thin films are very suitable for so many other semiconductor devices and radiation detectors.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Cds Thin Film By Chemical Bath Deposition (Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of CdCl2 Treatment on Physical Properties of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cell

Shah¹,

Rabeel²,

Abbas³

et al. 2017

Modern Technologies for Creating the Thin-Film Systems and Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The highest energy conversion efficiency of CdTe solar cell is predicted to be 28% [2]. Ntype CdS is commonly utilized as window layer for p-type CdTe solar cell due to its wide band gap (~2.4 eV) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deposition temperature and CdCl2 annealing on the CdS thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Liu

Luo

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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a b s t r a c tPulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique is suitable for the deposition of high-quality compound semiconductor thin films, and has been widely developed in recent years. However, pulsed laser deposition of CdS films has rarely been reported. In this work, we prepared CdS thin films using PLD. The effects of growth temperature on the PLD-CdS thin films were studied towards high-performance CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells. Results showed that the CdS film prepared at 400 C has the best crystallinity and optical transmittance, while 200 C is more suitable for the window layer of CdTe solar cells due to the highest energy conversion efficiency and the best short-wavelength response. CdCl 2 annealing treatment was also employed on the 200 C-deposited and 400 C-deposited PLD-CdS layer. Annealing treatment further enhanced crystallinity, and obviously enlarged the grain size. Optical transmittance spectra showed that the band gap of the CdS films increased after annealing. Fermi level of CdS films shifted closer to the conduction band from XPS analysis. CdTe solar cells with annealed windows obtained further improved performance, including higher short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency.

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“…Copper degenerately dopes this layer, which narrows the barrier width and permits electron tunneling, creating a quasiohmic contact [6]. However Cu has also been correlated with deep level defect, reduced carrier lifetime, and stability issues [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and chemical characterization of the back contact region in high efficiency CdTe solar cells

Abbas

Meysing

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)

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Processing options for CdTe thin film solar cells

Cited by 180 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of CdCl2 Treatment on Physical Properties of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cell

Effects of CdCl2 Treatment on Physical Properties of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cell

Effects of deposition temperature and CdCl2 annealing on the CdS thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Structural and chemical characterization of the back contact region in high efficiency CdTe solar cells

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