Processing of metals and metal oxides using ionic liquids

Abbott, Andrew P.; Frisch, Gero; Hartley, Jennifer M.; Ryder, Karl S.

doi:10.1039/c0gc00716a

Cited by 328 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…24 Whilst in the molten state, DESs can dissolve metal salts and/or chelate metal cations in a similar manner to that observed in biotemplated 25 or ionic liquid syntheses. 21,26 DESs can therefore provide the same spatial separation during processing, without the need for an aqueous environment, and at a lower cost than for many standard ILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2016

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Novel synthetic routes to prepare functional oxides at lower temperatures are an increasingly important area of research. Many of these synthetic routes, however, use water as the solvent and rely on dissolution of the precursors, precluding their use with, for example, titanates. Here we present a low cost solvent system as a means to rapidly create phase-pure ferroelectric barium titanate using a choline chloride-malonic acid deep eutectic solvent. This solvent is compatible with alkoxide precursors and allows for the rapid synthesis of nanoscale barium titanate powders at 950 °C. The phase and morphology were determined, along with investigation of the synthetic pathway, with the reaction proceeding via BaCl2 and TiO2 intermediates. The powders were also used to create sintered ceramics, which exhibit a permittivity maximum corresponding to a tetragonal-cubic transition at 112 °C, as opposed to the more conventional temperature of ~ 120 °C. The lower-thanexpected value for the ferro-to para-electric phase transition is likely due to undetectable levels of contaminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2016

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“…), organic acids (lactic, malic acids, etc. ), urea and quaternary ammonium salts such as choline chloride [1,[33][34] are reported. Chemical structure of different compounds with the ability to form natural deep eutectic solvents is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Preparation Structure and Properties Of Nadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction Process

Owczarek¹,

Szczepańska²,

Płotka‐Wasylka³

et al. 2016

ChChT

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Abstract.Developing new, eco-friendly solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) fully meet green chemistry principles. These solvents offer many advantages including biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, low costs and simple preparation. This paper provides an overview of knowledge regarding NADES with special emphasis on extraction applications and further perspectives as truly sustainable solvents.

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“…12 Another option for recovery is fractional cementation, which is a type of precipitation that depends more on the selectivity of the IL towards one particular metal, which can then be co-precipitated together with a sacrificial metal with a more negative redox potential compared to the extracted metal. 13,14 On the contrary, chemical regeneration depends more on the extraction mechanism and not on the intrinsic properties of the IL. For metal salt extraction with ILs there are two main possible ways of extraction, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of the ionic liquid tetraoctylammonium oleate after metal extraction

Parmentier

Valia²,

Metz³

et al. 2015

Hydrometallurgy

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Ionic liquids (ILs) have been presented as suitable candidates for metal extraction in the hydrometallurgy. It has already been proven that they have an adjustable selectivity towards metal ions. However, industrial applications of ILs are limited due to their high price.Therefore, regeneration of ILs is necessary. In this study the regeneration of the fatty acid based IL tetraoctylammonium oleate was investigated, because in a previous study we obtained excellent metal salt extraction efficiencies with this benign IL. Several methods for regeneration were investigated, i.e. electro-deposition and chemical regeneration. Electrodeposition turned out to be unfeasible for this IL. Chemical regeneration showed that the metal ions (Zn, Co and Mn) can be selectively back-extracted, so that metals can also be separated from each other in this step. The best stripping solution was aqueous sodium oxalate, which allowed the IL to be immediately reused.

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Processing of metals and metal oxides using ionic liquids

Cited by 328 publications

References 98 publications

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents in Extraction Process

Regeneration of the ionic liquid tetraoctylammonium oleate after metal extraction

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