Processing of flexible plastic packaging waste into pyrolysis oil and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

Veksha, Andrei; Yin, Ke; Moo, James Guo Sheng; Oh, Wen−Da; Ahamed, Ashiq; Chen, Wen Qian; Weerachanchai, Piyarat; Giannis, Apostolos; Lisak, Grzegorz

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121256

Cited by 115 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Further research has also proven that the application of doped CNTs in fuel cells may not need Pt 285,286 . Veksha et al 287 processed plastic packaging waste (11.8 wt.% polyethylene terephthalate) through catalytic-pyrolysis to produce MWCNTs, and prepared them as electrode materials for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (HER and ORR), respectively. Although the catalytic activity of the obtained MWCNT materials is lower than Pt/C electrodes in HER, MWCNTs exhibited higher electro-catalytic performance for ORR, where the over potentials of MWCNTs electrodes reached -0.033 V, lower than the reported graphene-based materials.…”

Section: Applications Based On Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Zhang

Zhu

Yao

et al. 2021

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Applications Based On Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Zhang

Zhu

Yao

et al. 2021

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…This kind of waste can decompose during the pyrolysis treatment into oil and small amount of char. Meanwhile, the second category (metallized plastic waste) is defined as single or multi polymeric layers coated or joined with metal layer (metallized food packaging plastics waste (MFPW)) with high environmental impact [16,17]. Although this category, including (MFPW), is rich in volatile matter (up to 99.5 wt.%), it is classified as the most complex part of plastic waste with poor recycling rate <20% because of its complex structure [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and TG-FTIR-GC–MS Analysis of Metallized Food Packaging Plastics with Different Concentrations of ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst

et al. 2021

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Recently, the pyrolysis process has been adapted as a sustainable strategy to convert metallized food packaging plastics waste (MFPW) into energy products (paraffin wax, biogas, and carbon black particles) and to recover aluminum. Usually, catalysts are used in pyrolysis treatment to refine pyrolysis products and to increase their yield. In order to study the effect of a catalyst on the formulated volatile products, this work aims to study the pyrolysis behavior of MFPW in presence of catalyst, using TG-FTIR-GC–MS system. The pyrolysis experiments were conducted with ZSM-5 Zeolite catalyst with different concentrations (10, 30, and 50 wt.%) at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C/min). In addition, TG-FTIR system and GC-MS unit were used to observe and analyze the thermal and chemical degradation of the obtained volatile compounds at maximum decomposition peaks. In addition, the kinetic results of catalytic pyrolysis of ZSM-5/MFPW samples matched when model-free methods, a distributed activation energy model (DAEM), and an independent parallel reaction kinetic model (IPR) were used. The TGA-DTG results showed that addition of a catalyst did not have a significant effect on the features of the TGA-DTG curves with similar weight loss of 87–90 wt.% (without taking the weight of the catalyst into account). Meanwhile, FTIR results manifested strong presence of methane and high-intensity functional group of carboxylic acid residues, especially at high concentration of ZSM-5 and high heating rates. Likewise, GC-MS measurements showed that Benzene, Toluene, Hexane, p-Xylene, etc. compounds (main flammable liquid compounds in petroleum oil) generated catalysts exceeding 50%. Finally, pyrolysis kinetics showed that the whole activation energies of catalytic pyrolysis process of MFPW were estimated at 289 kJ/mol and 110, 350, and 174 kJ/mol for ZSM-5/MFPW samples (10, 30, and 50 wt.%, respectively), whereas DAEM and IPR approaches succeeded to simulate TGA and DTG profiles with deviations below <1.

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“…Based on the results obtained by Mumladze et al (2018), MFPWs contain more than three pseudocomponents, including dye layer (pigments and organic component), various plastic films (like PE, PP, PVC, PS, PET, etc. ), and a metallic layer (Al) [ 7 , 23 ]. As observed in the DTG curves in Section 3.2 , the curves consist of two visible peaks resulting from simultaneously decomposed pseudocomponents in two forms, the organic part in dye layers and sealing and plastic films [ 48 ], while Al layer cannot decompose due to its high melting temperature > 800 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the thermal treatment in a nitrogen ambient, the polymer part decomposes into volatiles, gases, and char products [ 21 ]. Therefore, the pyrolysis process remains the closest technique to reality, and has made promising results in terms of yield, interest, economics, and emissions [ 22 , 23 ]. Furthermore, the knowledge of kinetics for thermal decomposition of MFPWs is very important for the design of pyrolysis reactors, in order to select the optimum design variables, including material selection, safety factors, applied stress at the beginning and end of the reaction, emission gases, etc., thus to determine the thickness of reactor shell and other geometries in future industrial practices [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Metalized Food Packaging Plastics Pyrolysis Kinetics Using an Independent Parallel Reactions Kinetic Model

2020

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Recently, a pyrolysis process has been adapted as an emerging technology to convert metalized food packaging plastics waste (MFPWs) into energy products with a high economic benefit. In order to upscale this technology, the knowledge of the pyrolysis kinetic of MFPWs is needed and studying these parameters using free methods is not sufficient to describe the last stages of pyrolysis. For a better understanding of MFPWs pyrolysis kinetics, independent parallel reactions (IPR) kinetic model and its modification model (MIPR) were used in the present research to describe the kinetic parameters of MFPWs pyrolysis at different heating rates (5–30 °C min−1). The IPR and MIPR models were built according to thermogravimetric (TG)-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results of three different types of MFPWs (coffee, chips, and chocolate) and their mixture. The accuracy of the developed kinetic models was evaluated by comparing the conformity of the DTG experimental results to the data calculated using IPR and MIPR models. The results showed that the dependence of the pre-exponential factor on the heating rate (as in the case of MIPR model) led to better conformity results with high predictability of kinetic parameters with an average deviation of 2.35% (with an improvement of 73%, when compared to the IPR model). Additionally, the values of activation energy and pre-exponential factor were calculated using the MIPR model and estimated at 294 kJ mol−1 and 5.77 × 1017 kJ mol−1 (for the mixed MFPW sample), respectively. Finally, GC-MS results illustrated that pentane (13.8%) and 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptene isopropylcyclobutane (44.31%) represent the main compounds in the released volatile products at the maximum decomposition temperature.

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Processing of flexible plastic packaging waste into pyrolysis oil and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

Cited by 115 publications

References 39 publications

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Catalytic Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and TG-FTIR-GC–MS Analysis of Metallized Food Packaging Plastics with Different Concentrations of ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst

Modeling of Metalized Food Packaging Plastics Pyrolysis Kinetics Using an Independent Parallel Reactions Kinetic Model

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