Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Zhang, Ye Shui; Zhu, Hua Lun; Yao, Dingding; Williams, Paul T.; Wu, Chunfei; Xu, Didi; Hu, Qiang; Manos, George; Yu, Lu; Zhao, Ming; Shearing, Paul R.; Brett, Dan J. L.

doi:10.1039/d1se00619c

Cited by 42 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 281 publications

(350 reference statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing consumption of plastics worldwide has led to a significant production of plastic waste [1][2][3][4][5][6]. It was reported that, in 2018, more than 29.1 million tons of waste plastics were generated [1]. In 2020, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, even more wasted plastics were generated as more plastics were consumed in medical applications (e.g., masks and syringes) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that, in 2018, more than 29.1 million tons of waste plastics were generated [1]. In 2020, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, even more wasted plastics were generated as more plastics were consumed in medical applications (e.g., masks and syringes) [1]. Landfill and incineration have been the most commonly used approaches for the disposal of wasted plastics [1,[7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, even more wasted plastics were generated as more plastics were consumed in medical applications (e.g., masks and syringes) [1]. Landfill and incineration have been the most commonly used approaches for the disposal of wasted plastics [1,[7][8][9]. However, the long degradation time and large land space needed by the landfill makes it unsustainable while the hazardous substances released from the incineration would lead to a disruptive environmental problem [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landfill and incineration have been the most commonly used approaches for the disposal of wasted plastics [1,[7][8][9]. However, the long degradation time and large land space needed by the landfill makes it unsustainable while the hazardous substances released from the incineration would lead to a disruptive environmental problem [1]. In recent years, chemical recycling via pyrolysis and gasification of waste plastics into carbon nanotubes composites (CNCs) (e.g., carbon nanotubes/metal nanoparticles) and fuels (e.g., H 2 ) has been identified as a sustainable and innovative way to regenerate waste plastics [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

et al. 2021

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In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (MWCNCs) were produced by catalytic pyrolysis of post-consumer plastics with aluminium oxide-supported nickel, cobalt, and their bimetallic (Ni/α–Al2O3, Co/α–Al2O3, and NiCo/α–Al2O3) oxide-based catalysts. The influence of catalyst composition and catalytic reaction temperature on the carbon yield and structure of CNCs were investigated. Different temperatures (800, 900, 950, and 1000 °C) and catalyst compositions (Ni, Co, and Ni/Co) were explored to maximize the yield of carbon deposited on the catalyst. The obtained results showed that at the same catalytic temperature (900 °C), a Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst exhibited higher carbon yield than the individual monometallic catalysts due to a better cracking capability on carbon-hydrogen bonds. With the increase of temperature, the carbon yield of the Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst increased first and then decreased. At a temperature of 950 °C, the Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst achieved its largest carbon yield, which can reach 255 mg g−1plastic. The growth of CNCs followed a “particle-wire-tube” mechanism for all studied catalysts. This work finds the potential application of complex oxide composite material catalysts for the generation of CNCs in catalytic pyrolysis of wasted plastic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

et al. 2021

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Methane conversion to H₂ and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts

Manda

Kandula

Aytam

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The renewable resource such as rice husk has been utilized to synthesize Hβ zeolite as a support for Ni catalysts for the production of clean hydrogen and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by CH4 cracking at 550°C without any CO or CO2 formation. Hydrogen production rates and area of surface Ni are in good correlation, implying the optimum Ni loading of 25 wt % that demonstrated better hydrogen yields and CNFs. The electrochemical properties of the deactivated catalysts indicated that they were near semiconducting in nature, showing future prospects as carbon electrode materials. The physicochemical characteristics of the fresh, reduced, and used catalysts were rationalized by BET surface area, p‐X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction using H2, SEM, TEM, H2‐pulse chemisorption, and Raman spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with hydrogen rates.

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Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

Schirmeister

Mülhaupt

2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero‐waste and carbon‐neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco‐friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco‐efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio‐feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed‐loop recovery of virgin plastics and open‐loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability.

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Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Abstract: Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes such as tyres, plastics, biomass and crude glycerol is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options (e.g. incineration and landfill). The process promotes...

Cited by 42 publications

References 281 publications

Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

Methane conversion to H₂ and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

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Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review

Abstract: Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes such as tyres, plastics, biomass and crude glycerol is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options (e.g. incineration and landfill). The process promotes...

Cited by 42 publications

References 281 publications

Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

Upcycling Waste Plastics into Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites via NiCo2O4 Catalytic Pyrolysis

Methane conversion to H2 and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

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Product

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Methane conversion to H₂ and carbon nanofibers over supported Ni catalysts: A sustainable process through utilization of deactivated catalysts