Processing‐morphology relationships of compatibilized polyolefin/polyamide blends. Part I: The effect of an lonomer compatibilizer on blend morphology

Willis, J. M.; Favis, Basil D.

doi:10.1002/pen.760282111

Cited by 244 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…An incompatible blend, characterized by no interaction between phases, frequently exhibits interlayer slip that promotes a reduction of the torque of the blend. 31 Thus, this suggests that the compatibility of RHDPE with the clay was very poor since the equilibrium torque of RHDPE/clay was about half of that of neat RHDPE. The fact that the torque of the compatibilized blends was obviously increased suggests that there was much less slippage at the interface, and the compatibilization between RHDPE and clay was improved with the addition of MAPE and CAPS compatibilizers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/clay hybrids

Lei

Clemons

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hybrids based on recycled high density polyethylene (RHDPE) and organic clay were made by melt compounding. The influence of blending method, compatibilizers, and clay content on clay intercalation and exfoliation, RHDPE crystallization behavior, and the mechanical properties of RHDPE/clay hybrids were investigated. Both maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and titanate could improve the compatibilization of RHDPE and clay. RHDPE/clay hybrids containing completely exfoliated clay were obtained using a two-step blending method. Without compatibilizers, the clay could not be exfoliated, and it lowered the crystallization peak temperature, crystallinity level, and the long period of RHDPE. MAPE and clay layers could act as heterogeneous nucleating agents for RHDPE. The titanate had a little influence on crystallization behavior of RHDPE. Adding clay to RHDPE reduced the impact strength but had little influence on the tensile strength. Both the storage and loss moduli increased with up to 5% of clay in hybrids containing CAPS, and there was an about 44% increase in impact strength of RHDPE/clay hybrid containing 5% MAPE compared with that of the hybrid containing no MAPE. The clay presence lowered the thermal stability of RHDPE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/clay hybrids

Lei

Clemons

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This has been schematically shown in Figure 6(b). Willis and Favis 27 reported an increase of viscosity upon the addition of a compatibilizer in immiscible binary blends. In the case of an incompatible blend, due to the presence of a sharp interface and poor interaction between the homopolymer phases, there occurs a high extent of inter layer slippage between the phases.…”

Section: Effect Of Compatibilizer Loading On Viscosity and Extrudate mentioning

confidence: 98%

Melt rheology and morphology of physically compatibilized natural rubber-polystyrene blends by the addition of natural rubber-g-polystyrene

Asaletha

Groeninckx

Kumaran

et al. 1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Blends of natural rubber (NR) and polystyrene (PS) were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender plasticorder and by solution casting using chloroform as the casting solvent. Earlier studies have indicated that these blends are incompatible and immiscible, and their compatibility can be improved by the addition of a graft copolymer of NR and PS (NR-g-PS). The rheological behavior of these blends has been carried out in the presence and absence of the compatibilizer using a capillary rheometer and a melt flow indexer. The effects of blend ratio, processing techniques (melt mixing versus solution casting), shear stress, and temperature on the rheological behavior have been studied in detail. Both in the presence and absence of the copolymer, the blends showed a decrease in viscosity with an increase of shear stress, indicating pseudoplastic nature. Solution-cast blends showed a higher viscosity as compared to melt-mixed blends. The viscosity versus composition curve of both melt-mixed and solution-cast blends showed negative deviation from the additivity at a higher shear rate region. This is associated with the interlayer slip between the highly incompatible NR and PS phases. The effects of graft copolymer loading and temperature on solution-cast blends were studied, and it was found that as the copolymer loading increases, the shear viscosity increases. This is due to the high interfacial interaction between the two components in the presence of the copolymer. The copolymer, in fact, locates at the interface and makes the interface more broad. However, at higher loading of the copolymer, the viscosity of the blends decreases. This may be associated with the formation of micelles, which have a plasticizing action on the viscosity of the blends. Melt elasticity parameters like principal normal stress difference, recoverable elastic shear strain, and die swell were evaluated. Master curves have been generated using modified viscosity and shear rate functions that contain the melt flow index as a parameter. The extrudate morphology of the blends was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Addition of the copolymer reduces the domain size of the dispersed phase, followed by a leveling off at a higher concentration. The leveling off is an indication of interfacial saturation. The interparticle distance also decreased followed by a leveling off at a higher loading of the copolymer.

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“…Acting as polymeric surfactants, also called emulsifiers or interfacial modifiers [17], these reduce the interfacial tension, thus promoting interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed phase. In some cases, the emulsifying ability of the compatibilizer also leads to a reduction of the polydispersity of the filler particle size [18]. Better dispersion and adhesion result in improved mechanical properties of these blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

Díez‐Pascual¹,

Naffakh²,

Gómez³

et al. 2009

Nanotechnology

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The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites Díez-Pascual, A. M.; Naffakh, M.; Gómez, M. A.; Marco, C.; Ellis, G.; González-Domínguez, J. M.; Ansón, A; Martínez, M. T.; Martínez-Rubi, Y.; Simard, B.; Ashrafi, B. AbstractThe effect of polyetherimide (PEI) as a compatibilizing agent on the morphology, thermal, electrical and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposites, has been investigated for different CNT loadings. After a pre-processing step based on ball milling and pre-mixing under mechanical treatment in ethanol, the samples were prepared by melt extrusion. A more homogeneous distribution of the CNTs throughout the matrix is found for composites containing PEI, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates an increase in the matrix degradation temperatures under dry air and nitrogen atmospheres with the addition of SWCNTs; the level of thermal stability of these nanocomposites is maintained when PEI is incorporated. Both differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies indicate a slight decrease in the crystallization temperatures of the compatibilized samples, and suggest the existence of reorganization phenomena during the heating, which are favoured in the composites incorporating the compatibilizer, due to their smaller crystal size. Dynamic mechanical studies show an increase in the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites upon the addition of PEI. Furthermore, the presence of PEI causes an enhancement in the storage modulus, and hence in the rigidity of these systems, attributed to an improved interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The electrical and thermal conductivities of these composites decrease with the incorporation of PEI. Overall, the compatibilized samples exhibit improved properties and are promising for their use in industrial applications.

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Processing‐morphology relationships of compatibilized polyolefin/polyamide blends. Part I: The effect of an lonomer compatibilizer on blend morphology

Cited by 244 publications

References 44 publications

Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/clay hybrids

Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/clay hybrids

Melt rheology and morphology of physically compatibilized natural rubber-polystyrene blends by the addition of natural rubber-g-polystyrene

The influence of a compatibilizer on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PEEK/carbon nanotube composites

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