Processing and valorization of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose using ionic liquids

Xia, Zhenghao; Li, Jinyang; Zhang, Jinming; Zhang, Xiaocheng; Zheng, Xuejing; Zhang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2020.04.001

Cited by 172 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Moreover, the absorption peak at wavenumber 1035 cm −1 corresponds to C–H in guaiacyl rings with C–O from primary alcohol, and 1112 cm –1 was assigned to the stretching of the C–H of syringyl rings. They are related to stretching vibrations of C–H bonds [ 11 ]. Such results correspond to Figure 3 a, as the absorption peaks at wavenumbers of 778 and 619 cm −1 were observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the main types of lignin can be divided into lignosulfonate, kraft lignin, and organosol lignin. Recent advancements have been made on the use of ionic liquids to dissolve in the extraction of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose with ionic liquids from the point of extraction efficiency and environmental friendliness [ 11 ]. Klason method, organosol lignin results in higher yield than alkaline or ionic liquid extraction [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties

et al. 2021

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The objective of this work was to investigate the influences of Klason lignin as a filler on the thermal stability and properties of natural rubber composites. The modulus and tensile strength of stabilized vulcanizates were measured before and after thermo-oxidative aging. It was determined that lignin filled natural rubber had significantly enhanced thermo-oxidative aging and mechanical properties compared to those of controlled samples. The reinforcement effect of lignin increased stress with lignin loading but it decreased at 20 phr, suggesting that the reinforcement mechanism of lignin was via strain-induced crystallization. The composite samples with 10 phr filler loading had the highest mechanical properties as well as thermo-oxidative degradation resistance. Such a finding could be due to interactions between the Klason lignin filler and natural rubber matrix. Based on the findings in this work, the degradation temperature of Klason lignin occurred at 420 °C. The absorption peaks at wavenumbers 1192 and 1374 cm−1 indicated that C–O stretching vibrations of the syringyl and guaiacyl rings of hardwood lignin existed. It was also found that the Klason lignin–rubber composite containing 10 phr had the highest stress–strain, 100% modulus, and tensile strength, while lignin showed increasing aging resistance of the composite comparable with commercial antioxidant at 1.5 phr. It appears that Klason lignin from rubberwood could be used as a green antioxidant and alternative reinforcing filler and for high performance eco-friendly natural rubber biocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties

et al. 2021

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“…In order to obtain cellulose derivatives with a high degree of substitution, it is proposed to carry out chemical modification of dissolved biopolymer [ 14 ]. Therefore, in this work, the esterification of the original cellulose was carried out in the solutions using trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) as a solvent and also catalyst.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods of cellulose modification were used to impart hydrophobic properties including impregnation with solutions of hydrophobic substances, surface hydrophobization, chemical modification, etc. [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of Hydrophobic Properties of Cellulose Materials

Ioelovich¹

2021

Polymers

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In this study, physicochemical and chemical methods of cellulose modification were used to increase the hydrophobicity of this natural semicrystalline biopolymer. It has been shown that acid hydrolysis of the initial cellulose increases its crystallinity, which improves hydrophobicity, but only to a small extent. A more significant hydrophobization effect was observed after chemical modification by esterification, when polar hydroxyl groups of cellulose were replaced by non-polar substituents. The esterification process was accompanied by the disruption of the crystalline structure of cellulose and its transformation into the mesomorphous structure of cellulose esters. It was found that the replacement of cellulose hydroxyls with ester groups leads to a significant increase in the hydrophobicity of the resulting polymer. Moreover, the increase of the number of non-polar groups in the ester substituent contributes to rise in hydrophobicity of cellulose derivative. Depending on the type of ester group, the hydrophobicity increased in the following order: acetate < propionate < butyrate. Therefore, tributyrate cellulose (TBC) demonstrated the most hydrophobicity among all studied samples. In addition, the mixed ester, triacetobutyrate cellulose (TAB), also showed a sufficiently high hydrophobicity. The promising performance properties of hydrophobic cellulose esters, TBC and TAB, were also demonstrated.

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“…Cellulose has also found application in the production of high-performance materials such as fibers, hydrogels, films aerogels and composites. These cellulose-based materials have been fabricated through the use of ionic-based liquid as solvents or additives [ 4 ]. In a nutshell, many techniques abound for production of biomaterials with enhanced properties from lignocellulose and non-lignocellulose biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Solid Fuel Properties of Non-Lignocellulose and Lignocellulose Materials through Torrefaction

et al. 2021

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Biomass torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment technique that improves solid fuel properties in relation to its efficient utilization for energy generation. In this study, the torrefaction performance of sewage sludge, a non-lignocellulose biomass and sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulose biomass were investigated in an electric muffle furnace. The influence of torrefaction temperature on the physiochemical properties of the produced biomaterial were examined. Characterization of the raw and torrefied biomass material were studied using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. From the result obtained, it was evident that an increase in torrefaction temperature up to 350 °C caused a 33.89% and 45.94% decrease in volatile matter content of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse, respectively. At a higher temperature of 350 °C, the peak corresponding to OH stretching of hydroxyl group decreased in intensity for both biomasses, showing a decomposition of the hydroxyl group as a result of torrefaction. This enriched the lignin content of the torrefied samples, thus making these solid fuels good feedstock for energy production.

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Processing and valorization of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose using ionic liquids

Cited by 172 publications

References 153 publications

The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties

The Characteristics of Natural Rubber Composites with Klason Lignin as a Green Reinforcing Filler: Thermal Stability, Mechanical and Dynamical Properties

Adjustment of Hydrophobic Properties of Cellulose Materials

Improving the Solid Fuel Properties of Non-Lignocellulose and Lignocellulose Materials through Torrefaction

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