Processed food consumption is associated with diet quality, but not weight status, in a sample of low-income and ethnically diverse elementary school children

Bleiweiss-Sande, Rachel; Chui, Kenneth; Goldberg, Jeanne P.; Bailey, Caitlin P.; Evans, E. Whitney

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104696

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Regarding energy and nutrient intake, in comparison to "Traditional" DP, "Unhealthy" DP was higher on ultra-processed foods, free sugars and carbohydrates, and lower in total fats, dietary fibre, vitamin A, vitamin C, folates, sodium, potassium, magnesium and iron, while "Dairy" DP showed lower total energy, energy density, processed culinary ingredients and total fats, and higher intake of carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc, compared to "Traditional" DP. The findings about "Unhealthy" DP are supported by other studies on which an un-healthy DP [43] or a higher consumption of UPF [15,17,44] were related with lower nutritional quality of diets. However, the dietary intake of sodium in our study was lower for those following the "Unhealthy" DP, oppositely to other findings of studies on UPF consumption [14,15], but in accordance with observations from Brazil [45], while no as-sociation was observed in the USA [46], all of them using the NOVA system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

et al. 2021

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Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015–2016) of the Portuguese population. Dietary intake was obtained from two non-consecutive days and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. The proportion (in grams) of foods in the total daily diet was considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis, with age and sex as concomitant variables. Associations of DPs with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Linear regressions adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics tested associations of DPs with diet quality. DPs identified were: “Unhealthy” (higher sugar-sweetened beverages, industrial breads, and sausages intake), “Traditional” (higher vegetables, fish, olive oil, breads, ultra-processed yogurts, and sausages intake), and “Dairy” (higher intake of milk, yogurt, and milk-based beverages). “Unhealthy” was associated with older ages and lower intake of dietary fibre and vitamins and the highest free sugars and ultra-processed foods (UPF), although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. These findings should be considered for the design of food-based interventions and school-feeding policies in Portugal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

et al. 2021

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“…Processed food, a key component of the western diet, is prevalent among various food groups [ 13 ], and has been shown to contribute up to 60% of the daily kcal intake of adults [ 26 ], 40% of children [ 27 ], and 20% of infants [ 28 ]. UPF intake has been studied in association with various health outcomes, including cancer, and specifically, CRC [ 16 ], but evidence regarding its association with pre-malignant colorectal polyps is lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Smoking Interact in Relation with Colorectal Adenomas

et al. 2020

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Smoking and ultra-processed foods (UPFs), a substantial part of the western diet, have been suggested to have a potential carcinogenic effect, though epidemiologic data are lacking. We aimed to examine the association between high UPF intake and colorectal adenomas, and to test the interaction with smoking. In a case-control study among consecutive subjects undergoing colonoscopy in a tertiary center during 2010–2015, UPF intake and smoking were compared between cases with colorectal adenomas and controls. Within 652 participants (cases, n = 294 and controls, n = 358), high UPF intake (defined as percent of kcal from UPF above the study sample upper tertile) was positively associated with adenomas (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.68), advanced and proximal adenomas (OR = 2.17, 1.29–3.65 and OR = 2.38, 1.37–4.11) among the whole study sample; and with adenomas (OR = 3.54, 1.90–6.61), non-advanced adenomas (OR = 2.60, 1.20–5.63), advanced adenomas (OR = 4.76, 2.20–10.30), proximal adenomas (OR = 6.23, 2.67–14.52), and distal adenomas (OR = 2.49, 1.21–5.13) among smokers. Additionally, a dose-dependent association was observed between tertiles of UPF intake and adenomas only among smokers (p for trend < 0.001). A significant interaction between smoking and high UPF intake was detected (p for interaction = 0.004). High intake of UPFs is strongly and independently associated with colorectal adenomas, especially advanced and proximal adenoma, and interacts with smoking. Results highlight smokers as more susceptible to the negative health effects of UPF consumption on colorectal neoplasia.

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“…The profile associated with adolescents from the Northeast region was compared with the results of [ 16 ] who studied North American low-income children and observed a higher intake of processed and ultra-processed food products but did not identify a significant relationship between this pattern of food consumption and nutritional status (weight status). It is likely that the coexistence of so many dietary and nutritional risk factors in this group can be explained by the relations of this adolescent in more urbanized territories within the Brazilian Northeast region, which make up food environments with a greater availability of ultra-processed food products and less healthy food [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adams and colleagues [ 13 ] found an inverse association between the consumption of “processed culinary ingredients” (sugars and oils) and higher body weight but did not identify an association between weight status and ultra-processed food product intake. In contrast, two cross-sectional studies [ 14 , 15 ] that analyzed pediatric population data from the United States and Brazil showed that a higher consumption of ultra-processed food products was associated with higher odds of being overweight and obese [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and Nutritional Profiles among Brazilian Adolescents

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The present study analyzed the prevalence of dietary and nutritional profiles among Brazilian adolescents and their associations with social determinants of health. (2) Methods: A population-based survey was administered to 16,409 adolescents assessed by the 2015 National School Health Survey. A multivariate model of dietary and nutritional profiles was estimated from correspondence analysis. (3) Results: The dietary and nutritional profiles more prevalent among Brazilian adolescents were “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and eutrophic” (42.6%), “lower nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.8%), and “higher nutritional risk dietary pattern and overweight” (6.0%). Healthier profiles were associated with less urbanized territories, health-promoting behaviors, and families with worse material circumstances. The less healthy profiles were associated with more urbanized environments, health risk behaviors, and families with better material circumstances. (4) Brazilian adolescents have different dietary and nutritional profiles that are characterized by sociopolitical and economic contexts, family material and school circumstances, and the behavioral and psychosocial health factors of the individuals. All of this points to the social determination of these health problems among adolescents in Brazil.

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Processed food consumption is associated with diet quality, but not weight status, in a sample of low-income and ethnically diverse elementary school children

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Smoking Interact in Relation with Colorectal Adenomas

Dietary and Nutritional Profiles among Brazilian Adolescents

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