Process Zones Observed in a 48 MVA Submerged Arc Furnace Producing Silicomanganese According to the Ore-Based Process

Steenkamp, J.D.; Gous, Johan Petrus; Grote, Wiebke; Cromarty, Robert; Gous, Helgard Johan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_50

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Also, the study was conducted on an electrode removed for an open-SAF producing ferrochrome, for which some characteristics might differ from Søderberg electrodes operating in other furnace types and smelting different materials. However, all these limitations are similar to furnace dig-out studies, e.g., [26][27][28], which have to a large degree formed our current understanding of zones within furnaces. Another data limitation of the current work was that the case study electrode did not include the area directly above, in, and just below the contact shoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode

Glastonbury

Beukes

Zyl

et al. 2020

Metals

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Very little research on Søderberg electrodes has been published in the journal peer reviewed public domain. The main aim of this work is to characterise a Søderberg electrode that was cut off approximately 0.5 m below the contacts shoes of a submerged arc furnace. Additionally, the characterisation data can be used to verify if Søderberg electrode models accurately predict important electrode characteristics. The operational history (slipping, current, and paste levels) proved that the case study electrode was a representative specimen. The characterisation results indicated no significant electrical resistivity, degree of graphitisation (DOG), and bulk density changes from 0.7 to 2.7 m on the non-delta side (outward facing), while these characteristics changed relatively significantly on the delta side (inward facing) of the electrode. The area where the submerged arc would mostly like jump off the electrode had the lowest resistivity, as well as highest DOG and bulk density. No significant difference in porosity as a function of length below the contact shoes were observed; however, slight increases occurred near the perimeters. It was postulated that oxidation of carbon resulted in increased pore volumes near the electrode perimeter. No significant difference in compressive breaking strength was observed over the electrode area investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode

Glastonbury

Beukes

Zyl

et al. 2020

Metals

Self Cite

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Reduced-Order Models of Furnace Tapping Systems—A Case Study from a Submerged Arc Furnace Producing Silicomanganese

Reynolds

Steenkamp

Sutherland

2022

Furnace Tapping 2022

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Conceptual Tapping Model of Mn-Ferroalloy Furnaces

Tangstad

Olsen

Ringdalen

et al. 2022

JOM

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The tapping process of submerged arc furnaces, like the Mn-ferroalloy production process, is when you drain the liquid metal and slag from the furnace. The optimal tapping process is when slag and metal is drained from the furnace at the same rate as it is produced, and the slag and metal is being separated in the post-tap hole process. Industrially, this is not always the case. Based on published articles, this paper discusses the total tapping process that contains the consecutive steps of flow from back electrodes to the tap electrode and flow from the tap electrode through the tap hole and runner, and into the ladle system. It focuses on an overall summary of which elements may affect the tapping; however, it should be noted that this is not a mathematical model. The main information is regarding materials and zones in the furnaces, as well as knowledge from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling work.

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Process Zones Observed in a 48 MVA Submerged Arc Furnace Producing Silicomanganese According to the Ore-Based Process

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode

Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode

Reduced-Order Models of Furnace Tapping Systems—A Case Study from a Submerged Arc Furnace Producing Silicomanganese

Conceptual Tapping Model of Mn-Ferroalloy Furnaces

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