Conceptual Tapping Model of Mn-Ferroalloy Furnaces

Abstract

The tapping process of submerged arc furnaces, like the Mn-ferroalloy production process, is when you drain the liquid metal and slag from the furnace. The optimal tapping process is when slag and metal is drained from the furnace at the same rate as it is produced, and the slag and metal is being separated in the post-tap hole process. Industrially, this is not always the case. Based on published articles, this paper discusses the total tapping process that contains the consecutive steps of flow from back electrodes to the tap electrode and flow from the tap electrode through the tap hole and runner, and into the ladle system. It focuses on an overall summary of which elements may affect the tapping; however, it should be noted that this is not a mathematical model. The main information is regarding materials and zones in the furnaces, as well as knowledge from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling work.

Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Briquettes Made of Manganese Ore Fines and Cement

“…The main raw material to ferroalloy production is manganese ore. In the manganese ore production, the ore is mined and processed, mainly throughout comminution and sizing operations (Tangstad, Leroy &Ringdalen, 2010). In the manganese ore processing, the most common route comprises the steps of crushing and sieving.…”

“…The raw materials are charged inside the SAF at room temperature. During the manganese reduction process, the reactor may can be divided in two zones, the prereduction zone (upper part of the furnace, with lower temperatures), and the coke bed zone, lower part of the furnace, with higher temperatures (Tangstad, Leroy &Ringdalen, 2010). In the prereduction zone the higher manganese oxides are reduced to MnO by the ascending (COrich) gases produced in the coke bed zone.…”