Process to utilize crushed steel slag in cement industry directly: Multi-phased clinker sintering technology

Cao, Liu; Shen, Weiguo; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Yang, Yi; Zhang, Di; Huang, Xiaoqing; Lv, Zhenjie; Ji, Xiaoli

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.260

Cited by 80 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the metal hydroxides adsorbed on the particle surfaces as a carrier to adsorb heavy metal ions; this Sustainability 2020, 12, 18 7 of 27 resulted in a synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect. Because of the high mechanical strength of the steel slag, increasing its proportion reduced the particle loss rate [39,40]. In conclusion, the optimum proportion of bentonite and steel slag was 5:5.…”

Section: Determination Of the Bentonite-steel Slag Proportionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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Novel multifunctional adsorbent bentonite-steel slag composite particles (BSC) were developed for highly efficient and synergistic treatment of heavy metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD). Single-factor experiments were performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the adsorption effect, alkalinity release quantity, and loss rate of the composite particles. Based on these results, an L9(4 3 ) orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the optimum levels and order of the factors were determined by range analysis. Finally, the optimum preparation process of the composite particles was determined: a bentonite-steel slag proportion of 5:5, Na 2 CO 3 content of 5%, aging time of 12 h, calcination particle size of 2 mm, calcination temperature of 500 • C, and calcination time of 60 min. The isothermal adsorption of optimum BSC fit well with Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms (R 2 R 2 > 0.997). A synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect occurs, leading to the appearance of multiple layers locally on the surface of BSC, which satisfies the BET model. To understand the preparation mechanism of the BSC, bentonite, steel slag, uncalcined BSC, and the optimum BSC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that calcination led to an increase in the average pore radius, total pore volume, and specific surface area (S BET ) in the optimum BSC; numerous pores were present on its layered surface. Although the layer spacing increased after calcination, the structure of the dioctahedra remained unchanged. Exchangeable Na + , montmorillonite, and alkaline components were present between the optimum BSC layers. Water and impurities were removed after calcination. The BSC not only released an alkalinity-neutralising acid but also induced a synergistic adsorption-coagulation effect that removed heavy metal ions. It is an excellent multifunctional protective material for the mining environment, that can treat AMD-containing heavy metal ions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 18 2 of 27 Current techniques for treating AMD containing heavy metals include the neutralization precipitation [11], electrochemical [12], membrane separation [13-15], microbial [16,17], constructed wetland [18], and adsorption [19,20] methods. Neutralization precipitation and adsorption are widely used [21,22]. However, neutralization precipitation requires a large amount of chemical agents, such as neutralizer and flocculent [23,24], which leads to difficulties in solid-liquid separation and high processing costs [25,26]. Besides various adsorbent materials, activated carbon is frequently used for adsorption, but has a low adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, has high costs, and cannot neutralize acid [27][28][29]. At present, most treatments use a single method, and the treatment effect is poor. If two methods are connected in series, the process flow is long,...

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Section: Determination Of the Bentonite-steel Slag Proportionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 26 strength of the steel slag, increasing its proportion reduced the particle loss rate [39,40]. In conclusion, the optimum proportion of bentonite and steel slag was 5:5.…”

Section: Determination Of the Bentonite-steel Slag Proportionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Zhan

Xiao

2019

Sustainability

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“…Therefore, some scholars have proposed to replace natural aggregate with recycled aggregate, rubber, steel slag, and other waste resources 9–11 . The most common treatment of steel slag, a solid waste in the steelmaking industry, is accumulation and storage which leads to the environmental pollution 12,13 . However, steel slag used as aggregate in concrete not only can save the nature aggregate but also can improve the strength and wear resistance of concrete significantly 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture behavior and crack mode of steel slag pervious concrete using acoustic emission technique

Chen

et al. 2021

Structural Contr & Hlth

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Summary The three‐point bending fracture tests of steel slag pervious concrete (SSPC) with different aggregate size and initial notch to depth ratio were done. Meanwhile, acoustic emission (AE) technique was used during the fracture test. In this paper, the relationship between fracture mechanics properties of SSPC and cumulative AE energy was explored; both b‐value and cluster analysis between rise angle (RA) and AF (average frequency) were used to describe crack growth performance. The results show that fracture energy considering the boundary can be calculated by the cumulative AE energy. It is also verified that cumulative AE energy can reflect the fracture resistance curve (R‐curve), and cumulative AE energy curve can be used to inverse the fracture mechanical curve. According to the k‐means clustering analysis results of RA and AF value, the aggregate size has little effect on the percentage of tensile crack. However, with the increase of aggregate size, the possibility of shear fracture mode increases. The difference between the maximum and minimum b‐value decreases rapidly when the ration of initial notch to depth is larger than 0.4. The research results can provide reference for AE technique to monitor SSPC pavement engineering.

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“…The presence of calcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4 ), Tricalcium silicate (Ca 3 SiO 5 ), tetracalcium aluminoferrite (Ca 4 Al 2 Fe 2 O 10 ) and other mineral components provide to the steel slag hydraulic setting properties [13,14], allowing an increase of compressive strength of dredged marine clays [15]. Steel slag is also successful used as an aggregate in the cement industry [16]. It helps to delay the hydration mechanism of concrete and reduces its mechanical strength [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphogypsum and Black Steel Slag as Additives for Ecological Bentonite-Based Materials: Microstructure and Characterization

et al. 2020

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The Black Steel slag (Ss) and phosphogypsum (PG) are industrial wastes produced in Morocco. In order to reduce these two wastes and to evaluate their pozzolanic reactivity in the presence of water, they were incorporated into bentonite (B) mixed with lime (L). The studied mixtures (BLW, BL–PG–W and BL–PG–Ss–W) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDX analysis. Compressive strength tests were performed on hardened specimens. The results obtained show that the hydration kinetics of the B–L–W and B–L–PG–W mixtures are slow. The addition of PG to a bentonite––lime mixture induces the formation of new microstructures such as hydrated calcium silicate (C–S–H) and ettringite, which increases the compressive strength of the cementitious specimens. The addition of the Ss to a mixture composed of 8%PG and 8%L–B accelerates the kinetics of hydration and activates the pozzolanic reaction. The presence of C2S in the slag helps to increase the mechanical strength of the mixture B–L–PG–Ss. The compressive strength of the mixtures BL–W, BL–PG–W and BL–PG–Ss–W increases from 15 to 28 days of setting. After 28 days of setting, 8% of Sc added to the mixture 8% PG–8%L–B is responsible for an increase of the compressive strength to 0.6 MPa.

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Process to utilize crushed steel slag in cement industry directly: Multi-phased clinker sintering technology

Cited by 80 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Fracture behavior and crack mode of steel slag pervious concrete using acoustic emission technique

Phosphogypsum and Black Steel Slag as Additives for Ecological Bentonite-Based Materials: Microstructure and Characterization

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