Process targeting: An energy based comparison of waste plastic processing technologies

Fox, James Alistair; Stacey, Neil

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.160

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…TCC is a promising long-term solution to PW accumulation, these processes are positioned to assume enormous industrial importance in the near future [18] . Table 2 depicts a summary of these technologies in comparison to common PW management techniques with emphasis on their main advantages.…”

Section: Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Potential of Plastic Waste Valorization: A Short Comparative Assessment of Pyrolysis versus Gasification

et al. 2021

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Plastics are abundant and have a high energy content making their use in energy applications attractive. This article presents a review on plastic waste (PW) management by pyrolysis and gasification, which are two routes of thermochemical conversion (TCC) techniques. The conversion of PW and the application of its converted products are important steps towards reducing reliance on fossil fuel, enhancing closed-loop recycling of materials and circular economy. The review presented herein also focuses on product distribution and yields with emphasis on the energy content and potential integration to energy systems and grids. It is found that pyro-oils have properties similar to conventional fuels such as diesel and can partially substitute fossil fuels. In fact, the energy content of PW pyro-oils obtained by various researchers range from 41.10 -46.16 MJ kg -1 , which are close to the heating values of conventional fuels, thus are potential candidates for fuel applications. Typical treatment post conversion is also conducted to maintain the quality of the oil produced and the removal of sulphur content to conform with market standards. On the other hand, syngas produced during gasification possesses a lesser potential for fuel applications as its energy content may reach values as low as 20 MJ kg -1 in

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Section: Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Potential of Plastic Waste Valorization: A Short Comparative Assessment of Pyrolysis versus Gasification

et al. 2021

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“…The pyrolysis time t in Equation (16) can be obtained from the screw speed n (refer to Table 1), while the pyrolysis ratio r in Equation (16) can be obtained from the evaporation temperature T v and the average carbon-atom number of PEW M(r) using Equations (9) and (13). Thus, the reaction rate constant k(T p ) can be easily obtained.…”

Section: Arrhenius Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gasification technologies have a long history of research [7], and the gasification of heterogeneous mixtures of waste PE has been realized [8]. However, compared to gasification, pyrolysis requires lower energy and produces lower amounts of pollutants because it operates at lower temperature and generates less CO 2 [9]. In addition, the pyrolysis technology can be used to produce functional waxes or monomer materials with appropriate reaction equipment and operating conditions [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Monitoring of Average Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Wax from Waste High-Density Polyethylene

2020

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a major component of polyethylene waste, yet only under 29.9% of waste HDPE is recycled. As an important additive, polyethylene wax (PEW) is increasingly used in many industries such as plastics, dyes, and paints. The preparation of PEW has received considerable interest because recycling and precisely controllable production can bring huge economic benefits. In this study, to recycle waste HDPE, a single screw extruder was innovatively combined with a connecting pipe to prepare PEW from the pyrolysis of waste HDPE. Using a test platform, PEWs were prepared under different pyrolysis temperatures and screw speeds, and corresponding number-average molecular weights (NAMWs) of PEWs were measured. To precisely monitor NAMW of PEW, a program was developed in MATLAB. First, the relationship between NAMW and pyrolysis ratio was obtained, and a measure-point-independence verification was conducted. Then, modified Arrhenius equations and time-dependent pyrolysis temperature were for the first time introduced into the HDPE pyrolysis model. Furthermore, the screw-speed-dependent inverse method was proposed and validated for high-precision monitoring of NAMW of PEW from the pyrolysis of waste HDPE by extrusion. PEW of desired molecular weight was able to be precisely obtained from waste HDPE.

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“…To overcome this issue, many sustainable methods are studied and used to manage organic solid wastes, including composting [3], fermentation [4], thermochemical treatment [5], and preparing biocomposites [6]. The use of plastic products has improved human life, but the non-degradation of most plastics increases the environmental burden seriously [7]. Based on this, biocomposites derived from organic solid wastes and plastics have exhibited good properties and made great progress over the past decades [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites from Organic Solid Wastes Derived Biochars: A Review

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2020

Materials

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The replacement of natural fiber with biochars to prepare biocomposites has attracted widespread attention recently. Biochar has unique properties, including the porous structure, large specific surface area, high thermal stability, good conductivity, renewable and abundant feedstock source, and environmental friendliness, which provide excellent properties, environmental benefits, and low production costs for biochar-based composites. Biocomposites from organic solid waste-derived biochars show good prospects worldwide in terms of positive social, environmental, and economic impacts. This paper reviews current biochars, elucidates the effects of biochars on the characteristics and performance of biochar composites, and points out the challenges and future development prospects of biochar composites.

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Process targeting: An energy based comparison of waste plastic processing technologies

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Energy Potential of Plastic Waste Valorization: A Short Comparative Assessment of Pyrolysis versus Gasification

Energy Potential of Plastic Waste Valorization: A Short Comparative Assessment of Pyrolysis versus Gasification

High-Precision Monitoring of Average Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Wax from Waste High-Density Polyethylene

Biocomposites from Organic Solid Wastes Derived Biochars: A Review

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