Process Structure of Parent‐Child‐Environment Relations and the Prevention of Children's Injuries

Valsiner, Jaan; Lightfoot, Cynthia

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1987.tb01295.x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Past studies of child and youth injury indicate links between socio-economic indicators and injury risk. This suggests increased risk of injury among youth who live in socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods (Matheny, 1997;Valsiner and Lightfoot, 1987;Dowswell et al, 1996;Faelker et al, 2000). Various census variables and data that reflect social and economic characteristics of the areas in which children and youth live have been previously analysed to quantify associations between injury and socio-economic factors (Dougherty et al, 1990;Joly et al, 1991;Roberts et al, 1992;Faelker et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Bayesian Ecological Regression Model With Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

MacNab¹

2002

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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In this article, recently developed Bayesian spatial and ecological regression models are applied to analyse small-area variation in accident and injury. This study serves to demonstrate how Bayesian modelling techniques can be implemented to assess potential risk factors measured at group (e.g. area) level. Presented here is a unified modelling framework that enables thorough investigations into associations between injury rates and regional characteristics, residual variation and spatial autocorrelation. Using hospital separation data for 83 local health areas in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 1990-1999, we explore and examine ecological/contextual determinants of motor vehicle accident injury (MVAI) among male children and youth aged 0-24 and for those of six age groups (<1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24). Eighteen local health area characteristics are studied. They include a broad spectrum of socio-economic indicators, residential environment indicators (roads and parks), medical services availability and utilisation, population health, proportion of recent immigrants, crime rates, rates of speeding charge and rates of seatbelt violation. Our study indicates a large regional variation in MVAI in males aged 0-24 in British Columbia, Canada, in 1990, and that adjusting for appropriate risk factors eliminates nearly all the variation observed. Socio-economic influence on MVAI was profoundly apparent in young males of all ages with the injury being more common in communities of lower socio-economic status. High adult male crime rates were significantly associated with high injury rates of boys aged 1-14. Seatbelt violations and excess speeding charges were found to be positively associated with the injury rates of young men aged 20-24. This and similar ecological studies shed light on reasons for regional variations in accident occurrence as well as in the resulting injuries and hospital utilisation. Thereby they are potentially useful in identifying priority areas for injury/accident prevention and in informing regional health planning and policy development.

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Section: The Bayesian Ecological Regression Model With Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

MacNab¹

2002

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…There is a relative dearth of research that investigates the link between parents' perceptions of injury and safety for their young children and what parents actually do to prevent these injuries, both indirectly by organizing the environment of the child to be safe and more directly in supervisory or caretaking roles (exceptions are Garling & Garling, 1988;Kronenfeld & Glik, 1990;Peterson, Farmer, & Kashani, 1990;Tertinger, Greene, & Lutzker, 1984;Valsiner & Lightfoot, 1987). A few studies have examined how parents organized the environment of the child to be safe and their supervisory or caretaking roles, but this literature is much more limited than the epidemiological literature or that on use of very specific safety practices Greaves, Glik, Jackson, & Kronenfeld, 1994;Tertinger et al, 1984;Valsiner & Lightfoot, 1987).…”

Section: Family Social and Behavioral Factors That Influence Injurymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A few studies have examined how parents organized the environment of the child to be safe and their supervisory or caretaking roles, but this literature is much more limited than the epidemiological literature or that on use of very specific safety practices Greaves, Glik, Jackson, & Kronenfeld, 1994;Tertinger et al, 1984;Valsiner & Lightfoot, 1987).…”

Section: Family Social and Behavioral Factors That Influence Injurymentioning

confidence: 98%

Unintentional injury: A major health problem for young children and youth

Kronenfeld

Glik

1995

J Fam Econ Iss

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ABSTRACT" This article reviews data on childhood injury and explains how unintentional injuries have become the leading health problem for young children in the United States and a major health problem in teenage years. The article discusses the major types of childhood injuries, trends over time, and variations by location and social, behavioral, and familial risk factors. Results of epidemiological and sociobehavioral research on injury are followed by a discussion of policy considerations in the attempts to deal with childhood injury and its consequences. This includes a discussion of major ways to prevent injuries, a review of government activities, and recommendations for future efforts.

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“…However, parents think about other aspects of their children's behaviors, and primary caregivers may especially focus on a child's developing independence (Spade, 1991) or activities of daily living rather than only component performance. The interest in parental social cognitions is based on the assumption that parents' thoughts will provoke some caregiving behaviors and mediate their interactions with their children (Murphey, 1992;Tamis-LeMonda, Damast, & Bornstein, 1994;Valsiner & Lightfoot, 1987). Parents' ideas include both the cognitive and psychosocial component areas and have been defined in a variety of ways.…”

Section: Ideas Guiding Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiver Role: Ideas about Feeding Infants and Toddlers

Humphry¹,

Thigpen-Beck²

1997

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research

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Feeding the young child is a complex, two-person, interactive process that takes place within thefamily context. AbstractThis work represents an initial effort to describe expectations and attitudes that might contribute to variation in the caregiving role as it relates tofeeding young children. The study also investigates the impact ofperformance contexts on attitudes about one aspect of caregivingfeeding. One hundred twenty-four primary caregivers of typically developing infantsfrom 4 to 28 months were interviewed about theirexpectations for developmental milestones related to feeding and their attitudes about how a parent should respond to different meal-time behaviors of children. Reliability of the instruments was explored. Test-retest reliability ofcaregiver expectations for when milestones were expected, as captured on Feeding Skills Development, ranged from good (.87) to poor (not significant). Reliability of attitudes captured by the second instrument, Feeding Stories, ranged from moderate to poor. The multidimensional contributions of temporal and social contexts on the attitudes of caregivers aboutfeeding practices were examined. The older the particiDownloaded from pant the more relaxed approach to whatand when a baby ate. The pattern of association of social context and parental value was different for participants who were African American and those who were white. Results are discussed in the light of possible factors that contribute to caregivers' ideas about their young child with special needs andfeeding issues. It is suggested that these thoughts mightframe how the caregiver responds to feeding intervention suggestions.A lth ou gh there is literature on oral motor development, oral motor dysfunction, and feeding techniques, Bax (1989) points out that little has been written about the whole operation of feeding individuals with eating problems. Feeding the young child is a complex, two-person, interactive process that takes place within the family context. Humphry (1995) proposes a multisystem model for the feeding process. In this model, the parent is seen as a partner who thinks about various aspects of the feeding process. This view of the adult applied to clinical issues suggests that the parent of a child with eating problems uses his or her ideas about child development and beliefs about what constitutes appropriate feeding practices to frame his or her caregiver role. These ideas can act as a filter for occupational therapy recommendations. Understanding the impact of parenting ideas is complicated by the fact that most research is based on instruments that are frequently poorly validated and developed using a small sample size (Holden & Edwards, 1989). The purposes of this project were to better understand the components related to feeding as one task of caregiver for a young child and to examine the impact of contextual factors on attitudes about feeding. Because it was necessary to develop instruments to study parental expectations for feeding milestones and attitudes about appropriate...

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Process Structure of Parent‐Child‐Environment Relations and the Prevention of Children's Injuries

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

Bayesian spatial and ecological models for small-area accident and injury analysis

Unintentional injury: A major health problem for young children and youth

Caregiver Role: Ideas about Feeding Infants and Toddlers

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