Process Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Kinetic Modeling for Synthesis of Methyl Oleate Biodiesel over H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ Anchored Montmorillonite K10

Abstract

Heterogeneous acid catalysts comprised of 10−30% (w/w) H 3 PW 12 O 40 anchored to montmorillonite (K10) were used for synthesis of methyl oleate biodiesel by esterification of free fatty acid (oleic acid) with methanol in closed batch system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize esterification of oleic acid with methanol over 20% (w/w) H 3 PW 12 O 40 /K10. The effects of various process parameters such as catalyst loading, molar ratio, and reaction temperature on oleic acid conversion were addressed by Box−Behnken experimental design (BBD). Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of this model was 0.996. 20% (w/w) H 3 PW 12 O 40 /K10 was proved to be potential catalyst with 100% oleic acid conversion at optimized process parameters and with reusability of four cycles. Moreover, a second-order pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model has been proposed and validated (R 2 > 0.97) with experimental data. Kinetics confirmed that esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to high activation energy of 43.7 kJ mol −1 .

Hydrogen peroxide‐assisted photocatalysis under solar light irradiation: Interpretation of interaction effects between an active photocatalyst and H2O2

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Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology

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Environmentally benign process for benzylation of toluene to mono-benzylated toluene over highly active and stable hierarchical zeolite catalyst

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