Process Analytical Chemistry

Workman, Jerry; Creasy, Ken E.; Doherty, Steve; Bond, Leonard J.; Koch, Mel; Ullman, Alan H.; Veltkamp, David J.

doi:10.1021/ac010364p

Cited by 66 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1 The growing field of process analytical chemistry is aimed primarily at obtaining the analytical data close to the production operation. 2 Such capability offers improved process control while minimizing its environmental impact. Similarly, a real-time field measurement capability is desired for continuous environmental monitoring that would replace the common approach of sample collection and transport to a central laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This Account presents a survey of recent advances in electrochemical sensing technology relevant to green analytical chemistry and examines the potential advantages, limitations, and applications of these monitoring devices. Stricter environmental control and effective process monitoring have created considerable demands for innovative analytical methodologies. New devices and protocols, with negligible waste generation or no hazardous substances, and in situ real-time monitoring capability are particularly needed for addressing the challenges of green analytical chemistry. The coupling of modern electrochemical detection principles with recent advances in molecular recognition, microelectronics, and microfabrication has led to powerful, compact, and "user-friendly" analytical devices. The unique features of such electrochemical monitoring systems make them particularly attractive for addressing environmental and industrial problems and the challenges of green chemistry. These developments allow the instrument to be taken to the sample (rather than the traditional way of bringing the sample to the laboratory) and hence to ensure effective process or pollution control.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 2001 and 2003 Workman et al (45,46) presented comprehensive compilations of FI-literature for process control applications. Although some additional papers have appeared in the literature since then (e.g., (35), it is evident that FI has not played the role expected in this field.…”

Section: X4 the Role Of Fi For Process Analysis/monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology

Hansen

Miró

2009

Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an analytical chemical continuous flow (CF) method which, in contrast to traditional CF procedures, does not rely on complete physical mixing (homogenization) of the sample and the reagent(s) or on attaining chemical equilibria of the chemical reactions involved. Exploiting controllable dispersion of the injected sample within the reagent‐containing carrier stream and strictly reproducible timing of all events taking place, it is based on measuring transient signals, which not only implies very high sampling rates but also, and most importantly, permits implementation of a number of novel methodologies that are not feasible when performed under batch conditions or by conventional CF procedures. Demonstrated for selected bioanalytical and technological applications encompassing cellular and enzymatic assays as well as monitoring of culture media, the principles and operational characteristics of FIA are first outlined, and then its downscaled/miniaturized sequels, that is, sequential injection analysis (SIA) and lab‐on‐valve (LOV), are detailed. Thus, in SIA the sample and reagents are, via the use of a multi‐position valve and an attached syringe pump operated under full programmable control, aspirated sequentially and then propelled forward allowing the sample and reagent(s) to be intermixed and, if called for, subjected to appropriate treatments before analyte detection. This infers that, merely minute sample/reagent volumes are consumed, hence leading to generation of small amounts of waste. In LOV this downscaling is taken further by using a small monolithic structure within which all sample manipulations and ultimate analyte detection under programmable control can be effected. Even bead materials with different surface groups/characteristics, including live cells, can be handled and utilized as demonstrated. Because the syringe pump in SIA and LOV can be used for accurately aspirating, propelling or even stopping the flow, these modi operandi allow fully to exploit the interplay between the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the chemical reactions involved, so that there are no restrictions whatsoever as to the chemistries that can be implemented, even if they entail multistep reactions. Representative bioanalytical examples of this interplay are presented.

show abstract

“…No entanto, a tendência atual é considerar a PAC como um ramo da Tecnologia Analítica de Processos ("Process Analytical Technology" -PAT) 6 , uma área mais ampla que envolve tanto determinações químicas como físicas (análises reológicas, de superfíci-es, etc), além de conceitos específicos, como instrumentação, amostragem, transporte de amostra, comunicação com controladores, administração de projetos, quimiometria e engenharia de fluxo 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Química Analítica de Processos

Trevisan¹,

Poppi²

2006

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recebido em 31/3/05; aceito em 18/11/05; publicado na web em 18/5/06 PROCESS ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.Keywords: process analytical technology; process control; real-time monitoring. INTRODUÇÃOApesar de ser uma das áreas que tem apresentado grande crescimento nos últimos 20 anos, a Química Analítica de Processos ("Process Analytical Chemistry" -PAC) tem ocupado um papel pouco relevante nos programas acadêmicos de graduação e pós-graduação 1 . Um centro pioneiro no desenvolvimento da PAC, é o "Center for Process Analytical Chemistry" (CPAC) 2,3 , situado na Universidade de Washington -Seattle, que produziu aplicações clássicas na área, como a medida de octanagem em gasolinas utilizando espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo 4 .Inicialmente, Kowalski e colaboradores 5 propuseram que a PAC deveria ser considerada como uma sub-disciplina da Química Analí-tica. No entanto, a tendência atual é considerar a PAC como um ramo da Tecnologia Analítica de Processos ("Process Analytical Technology" -PAT) 6 , uma área mais ampla que envolve tanto determinações químicas como físicas (análises reológicas, de superfíci-es, etc), além de conceitos específicos, como instrumentação, amostragem, transporte de amostra, comunicação com controladores, administração de projetos, quimiometria e engenharia de fluxo 1 .Existe uma grande diferença entre a PAC e a Química Analítica Instrumental ministrada nos programas de graduação. Embora os equipamentos sejam basicamente os mesmos, nas análises tradicionais ou acadêmicas a precisão é usualmente priorizada, seguida de custo e tempo de medição. Já em processos industriais, o tempo é em geral, o parâ-metro de maior importância, estando logo a seguir custo e precisão 1 .Nas análises laboratoriais, as amostras são manipuladas sob condições rígidas de controle e podem ser pré-tratadas para promover um aumento na seletividade e/ou sensibilidade. Além disso, os instrumentos não ficam expostos a ambientes ou amostras corrosivas, possibilitando o emprego de técnicas analíticas clássicas. Muitas medidas em laboratórios analíticos são utilizadas apenas para assegurar a qualidade do produto, mas não controlar o processo. Medidas de controle de qualidade determinam somente a aceitabilidade ou não de um produto, não reduzindo custos na sua elaboração, já que a informação é geralmente obtida após o térmi-no do processo.Sensores de processos, aqui definidos como dispositivos analíti-cos implem...

show abstract

Process Analytical Chemistry

Cited by 66 publications

References 94 publications

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring: Toward Green Analytical Chemistry

Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology

Química Analítica de Processos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About