Suicide is a complex social problem, geographically and temporally spanning all societies, causing great impact in global public health. An ecologic study was conducted to evaluate associations between suicide mortality rate and specific social and economic factors, by provinces in Argentina among five year periods 1999-2003 and 2008-2012. The information about mortality was obtained from the Statistical Report of Death of the Direction of Health Statistics and Information of the National Ministry of Public Health. Information about population, social and economic factors were obtained from the 2001 and 2010 census (National Institute of Statistics and Census). Correlation and multiple linear regression stepwise was performed. A total of 187,142 deaths were caused by violence in both periods,and 30,241 were suicides. The rates in men were higher. In the second period, the rate lowered at global level, but rose in men of 10-39 years old and in women of 10-29 years old.For the first period, the adjusted rate by age in men and women were correlated negatively to the percentage of the population without health coverage, unsatisfied basic needs and unemployment rate. In women showed positive correlation with the percentage of population that lives with a couple and living in urban areas. In men, the model (R 2 =0.314; P<0.01) included only the variable unemployment rate (β=-0.617; p<0.01). In women the most explanatory model (R 2 =0.689; p<0.01) included percentage of population living in urban areas (β=0.068; p<0.01), living with a couple (β=0.166; p=0.01) and unemployment rate (β=-0.081; p=0.03). In the second period no significant associations were found. The approach of suicide from the perspective of health inequalities could contribute to enhancing health policies to confront this problem.