Procedures of target preparation to improve PIXE efficiency in environmental research

Ghermandi, Grazia; Cecchi, Rodolfo; Laj, Paolo

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(95)00888-8

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The ice samples were kept frozen until required for PIXE target preparation, performed in a clean laboratory in Modena (Italy), by filtration of each melted sample (20 ml volume) through a Nuclepore membrane (polycarbonate 1 mg cm −2 , pore size 0.4 μm), [ Ghermandi et al , 1996].…”

Section: Material Methods and Available Records Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PIXE analyses [ Ghermandi , 2000] were performed at the National Laboratories of Legnaro (Padua, Italy), using a proton beam accelerated to 1.8 MeV by the AN 2000 Van de Graaff accelerator, with experimental set up and measurement conditions described by Ghermandi et al [1996]. Nuclepore blanks were analysed together with the ice core targets.…”

Section: Material Methods and Available Records Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental composition determined by PIXE analysis of the insoluble aerosol particles in EPICA‐Dome C ice core samples representing the last 27000 years

Ghermandi

Cecchi

Capotosto

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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107 samples from the first 581 m of the EPICA ice core, Dome C, East Antarctica, representing a 27000 year record, were analysed by the PIXE technique. The concentrations of several elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe) were determined in the insoluble particles, collected by filtration from the melted ice samples. The average elemental ratios for Holocene and LGM are in agreement with continental crust values. The element depositional fluxes, evaluated from PIXE concentration data by means of the EPICA ice accumulation rate, are smaller in the Holocene than during Glacial times, confirming the differences in dust loads in the atmosphere during the contrasting climatic conditions. In Holocene, the fraction of the insoluble particle mass (estimated as the sum of the measured element oxides) agrees well with the total dust mass as determined from Coulter Counter measurements, but during the LGM the particle counting shows a larger dust mass.

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Section: Material Methods and Available Records Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Material Methods and Available Records Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition determined by PIXE analysis of the insoluble aerosol particles in EPICA‐Dome C ice core samples representing the last 27000 years

Ghermandi

Cecchi

Capotosto

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…However, the extensive use of PIXE for monitoring water quality is constrained by the complexity in preparing samples because such samples must be converted into a solid form before the measurement through some complicated processes such as preconcentration using chelating agent to reach sensitivities in ppb range. 5,[7][8] Yamazaki 9 studied the use of cation exchange cellulose phosphate filter paper commercially available under the brand name "Whatman -P81 Ion Exchange Cellulose Filter" for PIXE targets preparation to analyze heavy metals in river water and tap water. 10 It was found that the concentration of Cr(VI) could not be measured by this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ion Exchange Paper to Preconcentration of Chromium (Iii) and Chromium (Vi) in Water for Pixe Analysis

et al. 2008

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The most important species of chromium (VI) formed in water are anions such as CrO4 2− , whereas chromium (III) is mainly present in the form of cationic species such as Cr(OH)2 + . Pure water and tap water samples were artificially contaminated with mixture of chromium (VI) and chromium (III) standard solutions. Sequential filtration through commercially available Whatman P81 cellulose phosphate paper and Whatman DE81 DEAE cellulose paper was employed for separation and preconcentration of chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in these water samples, respectively. The PIXE measurements of these filter paper samples were performed using 2-MeV proton beams delivered by a tandem pelletron accelerator at Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Tech. The beam current and the measuring time for each sample were 1 nA and 10 minutes, respectively. Instrumental detection limits were 60 ng for chromium (VI) and 120 ng for chromium (III). Detectable range for chromium (VI) and chromium (III) in water were ≧ 10 ppb and ≧ 50 ppb, respectively. For chromium (VI), the detectable range was considerably lower than the maximum allowed concentration of 50 ppb for chromium (VI) in both the drinking water standards and the environmental quality standards in many countries.

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“…Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) has been proven to be a very useful technique for the study of trace element distribution in ecosystems due to its multielement analysis capability and high sensitivity. 3 Additional advantage is the high speed of analysis of a wide variety of samples. However, it should be stressed that adequate sample preparation is required in order to make full use of PIXE capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pixe Analysis of Water Leakage From a Landfill Site of Industrial Waste Generating Hydrogen Sulfide

Yamazaki¹,

Ishii²,

Matsuyama³

et al. 2004

Int. J. PIXE

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The aim of this study is to develop a method for monitoring water pollution caused by dissolved sulfides and other harmful elements by means of PIXE offering the advantage of multielemental nature, high sensitivity and speed of analysis for a wide variety of samples. Sulfide ions dissolved in an aqueous sample were converted to insoluble CuS compounds and then collected on a thin organic filter suitable as a backing foil for PIXE measurements. The standard method for scavenging CuS precipitate is founded on an investigation of the pH-dependence of the recovery of dissolved sulfides and the calibration curve covering the concentration range from 10 to 1000 ppb. The recovery-factor of CuS showed a maximum value at around pH 8 although it changed with the intrinsic pH of samples. The recovery factor for pH adjusted to 7.50 was kept constant in a wide concentration range of sulfide ions from 10 to 1000 ppb. The concentration of tens of ppm sulfur compound was detected in both drain water from the industrial waste disposal and in peripheral agricultural water, but the fraction of dissolved sulfide was only about 1 %. The low concentration of dissolved sulfides was discussed from the viewpoint of the oxidation condition originated from the soluble and insoluble components detected in samples by PIXE analysis.

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Procedures of target preparation to improve PIXE efficiency in environmental research

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Elemental composition determined by PIXE analysis of the insoluble aerosol particles in EPICA‐Dome C ice core samples representing the last 27000 years

Elemental composition determined by PIXE analysis of the insoluble aerosol particles in EPICA‐Dome C ice core samples representing the last 27000 years

Application of Ion Exchange Paper to Preconcentration of Chromium (Iii) and Chromium (Vi) in Water for Pixe Analysis

Pixe Analysis of Water Leakage From a Landfill Site of Industrial Waste Generating Hydrogen Sulfide

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