Procedures and results of the measurements on large area photomultipliers for the NEMO project

Aiello, S.; Leonora, E.; Aloisio, A.; Ameli, F.; Amore, I.; Anghinolfi, M.; Anzalone, A.; Barbarino, G. C.; Barbarito, E.; Battaglieri, M.; Bazzotti, M.; Bellotti, R.; Bersani, A.; Beverini, N.; Biagi, S.; Bonori, M.; Bouhdaef, B.; Cacopardo, G.; Calı̀, C.; Capone, A.; Caponetto, L.; Carminati, G.; Cassano, Bartolomeo; Ceres, A.; Chiarusi, T.; Cocimano, R.; Coniglione, R.; Cordelli, M.; Costa, M.; D’Amico, Antonio; Bonis, G. De; DeRosa, G.; DeRuvo, G.; DeVita, R.; Distefano, C.; Flaminio, V.; Fratini, K.; Gabrielli, Alessandro; Galeotti, S.; Gandolfi, E.; Giacomelli, G.; Giorgi, F. M.; Giovanetti, Gabriele; Grmek, A.; Habel, R.; Imbesi, M.; Lonardo, A.; Presti, D. Lo; Lucarelli, F.; Margiotta, A.; Marinelli, A.; Martini, A.; Masullo, R.; Maugeri, F.; Migneco, E.; Minutoli, S.; Mongelli, M.; Morganti, M.; Musico, P.; Musumeci, M.; Orlando, A.; Osipenko, M.; Papaleo, R.; Pappalardo, V.; Piattelli, P.; Piombo, D.; Raffaelli, F.; Raia, G.; Randazzo, N.; Reito, S.; Ricco, G.; Riccobene, G.; Ripani, M.; Rovelli, A.; Ruppi, M.; Russo, Giovanni; Russo, Stefano; Sapienza, P.; Sedita, M.; Shirokov, E. V.; Simeone, F.; Sciliberto, D.; Sipala, V.; Sollima, C.; Spurio, M.; Stefani, Fabio; Taiuti, M.; Terreni, G.; Trasatti, L.; Urso, S.; Vecchi, M.; Vicini, P.; Wischnewski, R.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.040

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In spite of its large photocathode area, this model has a good time resolution, with a transit time spread of about 3 ns as FWHM for single photo-electron (s.p.e.) pulses, a 35% charge resolution as sigma and about 25% quantum efficiency at 400 nm wavelength [11]. Mechanical and optical contact between the PMT and the internal glass surface is ensured by an optical silicone gel.…”

Section: The Nemo Phase-2 Towermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Aiello

Ameli

Anghinolfi

et al. 2015

Astroparticle Physics

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The results of the analysis of the data collected with the NEMO Phase-2 tower, deployed at 3500 m depth about 80 km off-shore Capo Passero (Italy), are presented.Čerenkov photons detected with the photomultipliers tubes were used to reconstruct the tracks of atmospheric muons. Their zenith-angle distribution was measured and the results compared with Monte Carlo simulations. An evaluation of the systematic effects due to uncertainties on environmental and detector parameters is also included. The associated depth intensity relation was evaluated and compared with previous measurements and theoretical predictions. With the present analysis, the muon depth intensity relation has been measured up to 13 km of water equivalent.

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Section: The Nemo Phase-2 Towermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Aiello

Ameli

Anghinolfi

et al. 2015

Astroparticle Physics

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“…The PMT was a 10" Hamamatsu R7081Sel with 10 stages [17]. In spite of its large photocathode area, this PMT has a good time resolution, about 3 ns FWHM for single photoelectron pulses, with a charge resolution of 35%.…”

Section: The Optical Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Error bars include both statistical and systematic uncertainties added in quadrature. Systematic errors were evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation, taking into account the uncertainties on the input parameters: the light absorption length in water (L a ), the light scattering length in water (L b ), the PMT quantum efficiency and the angular acceptance of the Optical Module [17,38]. In Table 2 the contributions of the different parameters to the total systematic error are reported.…”

Section: Depth Intensity Relation For Atmospheric Muonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the atmospheric muon flux with the NEMO Phase-1 detector

Aiello¹,

Ameli²,

Amore³

et al. 2010

Astroparticle Physics

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The NEMO Collaboration installed and operated an underwater detector including prototypes of the critical elements of a possible underwater km(3) neutrino telescope: a four-floor tower (called Mini-Tower) and a Junction Box. The detector was developed to test some of the main systems of the km(3) detector, including the data transmission, the power distribution, the timing calibration and the acoustic positioning systems as well as to verify the capabilities of a single tridimensional detection structure to reconstruct muon tracks. We present results of the analysis of the data collected with the NEMO MiniTower. The position of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is determined through the acoustic position system. Signals detected with PMTs are used to reconstruct the tracks of atmospheric muons. The angular distribution of atmospheric muons was measured and results compared to Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

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“…Each OM consists of a 13-inch pressure resistant (up to 700 bar) borosilicate glass sphere, 5 housing a 10-inch Hamamatsu photomultiplier (PMT R7081-SEL) [22] together with its high-voltage power supply, read-out electronics and calibration system (Fig. 7).…”

Section: The Optical Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype

et al. 2016

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The NEMO Phase-2 tower is the first detector which was operated underwater for more than 1 year at the "record" depth of 3500 m. It was designed and built within the framework of the NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Obsera e-mail: pellegriti@lns.infn.it b e-mail: piattelli@lns.infn.it vatory) project. The 380 m high tower was successfully installed in March 2013 80 km offshore Capo Passero (Italy). This is the first prototype operated on the site where the Italian node of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope will be built. The installation and operation of the NEMO Phase-2 tower has proven the functionality of the infrastructure and the operability at 3500 m depth. A more than 1 year long monitoring 123 68 Page 2 of 11 Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76 :68 of the deep water characteristics of the site has been also provided. In this paper the infrastructure and the tower structure and instrumentation are described. The results of long term optical background measurements are presented. The rates show stable and low baseline values, compatible with the contribution of 40 K light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. All these features confirm the stability and good optical properties of the site.

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Procedures and results of the measurements on large area photomultipliers for the NEMO project

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Measurement of the atmospheric muon flux with the NEMO Phase-1 detector

Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype

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