Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Aiello, S.; Ameli, F.; Anghinolfi, M.; Barbarino, G. C.; Barbarito, E.; Barbato, Felicia; Beverini, N.; Biagi, S.; Bouhadef, B.; Bozza, C.; Cacopardo, G.; Calamai, M.; Calı̀, C.; Capone, A.; Caruso, Francesco; Ceres, A.; Chiarusi, T.; Circella, M.; Cocimano, R.; Coniglione, R.; Costa, M.; Cuttone, G.; D’Amato, Claudio; D’Amico, Antonio; Bonis, G. De; Luca, V. De; Deniskina, N.; Rosa, G. De; Capua, F. Di; Distefano, C.; Fermani, P.; Flaminio, V.; Fusco, L.; Garufi, F.; Giordano, V.; Gmerk, A.; Grasso, Rosaria; Grella, G.; Hugon, C.; Imbesi, M.; Kulikovskiy, V.; Larosa, G.; Lattuada, D.; Leismueller, K. P.; Leonora, E.; Litrico, P.; Lonardo, A.; Longhitano, F.; Presti, D. Lo; Maccioni, Enrico; Margiotta, A.; Martini, A.; Masullo, R.; Migliozzi, P.; Migneco, E.; Miraglia, A.; Mollo, C.M.; Mongelli, M.; Morganti, M.; Musico, P.; Musumeci, M.; Nicolau, C. A.; Orlando, A.; Papaleo, R.; Pellegrino, C.; Pellegriti, M. G.; Perrina, C.; Piattelli, P.; Pugliatti, C.; Pulvirenti, S.; Orselli, A.; Raffaelli, F.; Randazzo, N.; Riccobene, G.; Rovelli, A.; Sanguineti, M.; Sapienza, P.; Sciacca, Virginia; Sgura, I.; Simeone, F.; Sipala, V.; Speziale, F.; Spina, M.; Spitaleri, A.; Spurio, M.; Stellacci, Simona Maria; Taiuti, M.; Terreni, G.; Trasatti, L.; Trovato, A.; Ventura, Cynthia; Vicini, P.; Viola, S.; Vivolo, D.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.12.010

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…We detected an inertial rhythm in the bioluminescent signals of abyssopelagic organisms, equivalent to a 20-h periodicity at the latitude of South Sicily36, onto background water emissions in agreement with results from Aiello et al 37…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Aguzzi

Fanelli

Ciuffardi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In the deep sea, the sense of time is dependent on geophysical fluctuations, such as internal tides and atmospheric-related inertial currents, rather than day-night rhythms. Deep-sea neutrino telescopes instrumented with light detecting Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMT) can be used to describe the synchronization of bioluminescent activity of abyssopelagic organisms with hydrodynamic cycles. PMT readings at 8 different depths (from 3069 to 3349 m) of the NEMO Phase 2 prototype, deployed offshore Capo Passero (Sicily) at the KM3NeT-Italia site, were used to characterize rhythmic bioluminescence patterns in June 2013, in response to water mass movements. We found a significant (p < 0.05) 20.5 h periodicity in the bioluminescence signal, corresponding to inertial fluctuations. Waveform and Fourier analyses of PMT data and tower orientation were carried out to identify phases (i.e. the timing of peaks) by subdividing time series on the length of detected inertial periodicity. A phase overlap between rhythms and cycles suggests a mechanical stimulation of bioluminescence, as organisms carried by currents collide with the telescope infrastructure, resulting in the emission of light. A bathymetric shift in PMT phases indicated that organisms travelled in discontinuous deep-sea undular vortices consisting of chains of inertially pulsating mesoscale cyclones/anticyclones, which to date remain poorly known.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A prototype detection unit, the NEMO Phase 2 tower3762 was deployed at 3450 m depth, about 90 km off-shore Capo Passero in March 2013 (Ionian Sea; Fig. 6A,B), within the activities of the NEMO (Neutrino Mediterranean Observatory) collaboration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Aguzzi

Fanelli

Ciuffardi

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Despite the lack of a precise positioning of each single OM it was however possible to reconstruct downgoing muon tracks and determine the Depth Intensity Relation of muons in water as reported in [31].…”

Section: Installation and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype

et al. 2016

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The NEMO Phase-2 tower is the first detector which was operated underwater for more than 1 year at the "record" depth of 3500 m. It was designed and built within the framework of the NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Obsera e-mail: pellegriti@lns.infn.it b e-mail: piattelli@lns.infn.it vatory) project. The 380 m high tower was successfully installed in March 2013 80 km offshore Capo Passero (Italy). This is the first prototype operated on the site where the Italian node of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope will be built. The installation and operation of the NEMO Phase-2 tower has proven the functionality of the infrastructure and the operability at 3500 m depth. A more than 1 year long monitoring 123 68 Page 2 of 11 Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76 :68 of the deep water characteristics of the site has been also provided. In this paper the infrastructure and the tower structure and instrumentation are described. The results of long term optical background measurements are presented. The rates show stable and low baseline values, compatible with the contribution of 40 K light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. All these features confirm the stability and good optical properties of the site.

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“…Indeed, the neutrino telescope lifetime must be higher than 10 years. Figure 1 shows schematically the main components of the optical module, designed following the experience of the successfully phase 1 and phase 2 of the NEMO project [1,2].…”

Section: The Optical Module Main Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of the optical modules of the KM3NeT-Italia project towers

Leonora

Aiello

Giordano

2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The KM3NeT-Italia project aims to construct a large volume underwater neutrino telescope, to be installed in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea. The R&D and mass production phases of the detection elements of the telescope, the optical modules, were entirely performed in the INFN-LNS site in the harbour of Catania. In November 2014 a first tower of 14 storeys equipped with 84 optical modules was successfully deployed in the Mediterranean Sea site. The design of the optical modules and their main components are described in this paper.

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Measurement of the atmospheric muon depth intensity relation with the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea

Long term monitoring of the optical background in the Capo Passero deep-sea site with the NEMO tower prototype

The design of the optical modules of the KM3NeT-Italia project towers

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