Procaine Effect on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Explored by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract

The procaine effect on human erythrocytes was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at three procaine concentrations, about 5 x 10(-7) M, 5 x 10(-5) M and 5 x 10(-4) M. The changes in surface morphology of erythrocyte membrane bring direct evidence on the procaine effect on the cell membrane at micro- and nanometer scale. AFM images of the control erythrocytes (without procaine) showed a well defined concave (donut) shape of cells. The structure of control erythrocytes membrane is featured by closely packed nanometer size intra-membranous particles. After the incubation of the fresh blood with increasing procaine concentrations, a progressive increase in both concave depth and surface roughness of erythrocyte membrane was observed. The particles (granules) of the membrane surface increased progressively with increasing procaine concentrations. The changes in the surface morphology of erythrocyte membrane can be associated with the enlargement of surface granules, due to the aggregation of membranous particles within the cell surface, and the domain structure formation induced by procaine. A large number of moderate elevations from 25 nm to almost 40 nm in lateral size were found to be rather uniformly distributed on the surface of whole erythrocytes at low and medium procaine concentrations, respectively. At the highest procaine concentration, the granules of about 80 nm to almost 90 nm lateral size were found to form rows rather well separated. These data are in substantial agreement with the published results obtained on membrane models in the presence of procaine.

New procedure to synthesize silver nanoparticles and their interaction with local anesthetics

“…34,45 Since the working pH value in our experiments was about 5.5, it is reasonable to assume the three anesthetics to be present in solution mostly as the protonated monocationic form BH + . [32][33][34] Thus, electrostatic attractions support their adsorption on the negatively charged AgNPs, resulting in a decrease of their zeta potential, as confirmed by our measurements. Therefore, the aggregation within the colloidal systems takes place.…”

“…27 This work reports a new procedure to synthesize AgNPs, using glucose as reducing agent but with an original stabilizing system consisting of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and We are interested in understanding the molecular mechanism of local anesthetics, particularly in interfacial phenomena, that occur at the biological membrane level. [28][29][30][31][32] The acid-base properties and the protolytic equilibria of these anesthetics 33,34 should play an important role in their interaction with the charged metal NPs, since they determine which molecular species are present in solution at a given pH value. Recently, we have investigated their interactions with gold NPs.…”

Selective Effect of Procaine, Tetracaine and Dibucaine on Gold Nanoparticles

“…25 33 It follows that in our experimental conditions (pH = 5 5) the three anesthetic should be almost exclusively in the protonated monocationic form AH + . [23][24][25] Since the citrate capped AuNPs are negatively charged, the adsorption of the anesthetic molecules should be favored by electrostatic attractions. Their adsorption results in a decrease in the zeta potential values of the AuNPs, promoting the coagulation of the colloidal system.…”

“…Their pharmacological action in producing the local anesthesia is mediated by membranes, and modeling such phenomena was one of our major research interests. [19][20][21][22][23] The acid-basic properties and the protolytic equilibria of these anesthetics were also investigated by us, 24-25 since they play an important role in the interaction of the molecular species present in solution at a given pH value with charged metal nanoparticles. …”

Novel Porous Forsterite Ceramics Biocompatibility and Bioactivity Evaluation

“…The superior performance of FC-1200 scaffolds at 3d in HFL culture as illustrated by cell viability and proliferation can be also related to the surface roughness and irregular surface topography [40][41][42][43]. of these scaffolds.…”