Problems with Inpatient Drug users in Jeddah

Iqbal, Nayyer

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2001.196

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There was an increase in frequency of amphetamine and cannabis use and decrease of heroin and volatile substance use in the Western region (Osman, 1992(Osman, , 2005Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001Bassiony, 2008) and in the Eastern region (AbuMadani et al, 2008) over the last two decades. The contradictory findings between Western and Eastern regions could reflect different drug and substance availability and affordability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies found that, among substance abuse patients in Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of alcohol abuse ranged from 9% to 70.3% (Osman, A., 1992;Qureshi, 1992 1995; Al-Naheda, 1999;Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001Qureshi & Al-Habeeb, 2000;Osman, O., 2005;Bassiony, 2008). In Al-Qassim (Central region), alcohol was the most commonly abused substance among substance abuse patients (Qureshi & Al-Habeeb, 2000).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of heroin abuse among Saudi patients ranged from 6.6% to 83.6% (Osman, A., 1992;Qureshi, 1992;Hafeiz, 1995;Al-Naheda, 1999;Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001Qureshi & Al-Habeeb, 2000;Osman, O., 2005;Bassiony, 2008). Eighty to ninetyone percentage of the heroin users were intravenous drug users (IVDUs) (Njoh, 1995b;Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001. About 6% used heroin by inhalation and 26% used a combination of both routes (Abalkhail, 2001).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Western region, five studies were published (Osman, A., 1992;Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001Osman, 2005;Bassiony, 2008) over 16 years, which examined the frequencies of substance abuse among patients in treatment. There was an increase in the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine and cocaine, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Trends and Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four per cent had diabetes; 1.5% Prevalence (%) Figure 2. Substance abuse (heroin, inhalants and benzodiazepines) trends in the Western region (Osman, A., 1992;Iqbal, 2000Iqbal, , 2001Osman, O., 2005;Bassiony, 2008). hypertension; 3% asthma; 0.63% ischemic heart disease; 2% peptic ulcer; 3% seizures; 2% epilepsy; 4% skin diseases; 1% TB; 2% had past history of TB; 5% renal stones; 3% cardiac abnormalities; and 3.5% CNS disorders. Abalkhail (2001) found that TB was affecting 3% of the substance abuse patients and Soufi et al (1991) found that khat chewing was associated with oral cancer.…”

Section: Medical Co-morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: review article

Bassiony

2013

Journal of Substance Use

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Objective: The objective was to review all the available published studies and reports with particular reference to substance abuse in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were collected from a PubMed search and reviewing national journals, the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC) reports, World Health Organization (WHO) reports and conference presentations over the last two decades. Results: Among Saudi patients in addiction treatment settings, the most commonly abused substances were amphetamine (4-70.7%,), heroin (6.6-83.6%), alcohol (9-70.3%) and cannabis (1-60%). Over the past decade, there was an increase in the use of cannabis and amphetamine and decrease in the use of heroin and volatile substances. Peer pressure and psychosocial stresses were risk factors for initiation as well as relapse of substance abuse. Anxiety, depression and hepatitis were the most common co-morbid disorders among the Saudi patients. Conclusion: Substance abuse is a public health problem in Saudi Arabia. It was associated with many psychiatric disorders, medical diseases and educational, occupational, legal and social consequences. School-and community-based prevention programmes are highly required in Saudi Arabia as a firstline strategy in the fight against substance abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalence Of Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trends and Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medical Co-morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: review article

Bassiony

2013

Journal of Substance Use

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Alcohol and substance use in the Arabian Gulf region: A review

AlMarri

Oei

2009

Int J Psychol

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Despite cultural, social, religious, and legal constraints on Muslim Arab nationals living in the Arabian Peninsula against the consumption of alcohol or drugs, usage and dependence do exist. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review, compiling and critiquing the literature in this interesting yet neglected area. Information about the current status of alcohol and substance abuse research and knowledge in the Arabian Gulf region will be presented, providing an accessible synopsis of available papers. A systematic review of English and Arabic language literature was conducted by searching electronic databases (1975-2007) and conducting hand searches of Arab published journals. Only studies investigating alcohol and/or substance use or abuse issues with participants (1) of Arab nationality, (2) living in an Arabian Gulf country, and (3) of Muslim faith were included. Within this literature, the majority of research has been conducted with clinical male participants. The most commonly abused drugs are alcohol, heroin, and hashish. Literature investigating the substance use domain with people who are not seeking treatment for addiction is extremely limited. Although the research is largely in its infancy, it does however confirm alcohol and substance abuse in Muslim, Gulf Arab nationals. We strongly urge that further research into substance use and abuse in this region is conducted. Community investigations assessing the prevalence, magnitude, and associated problems with alcohol and substance abuse and also research into valid and reliable measurements in these countries are warranted.

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Snapshot of narcotic drugs and psychoactive substances in Kuwait: analysis of illicit drugs use in Kuwait from 2015 to 2018

Al-Matrouk¹,

M²,

Naqi³

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background The misuse of illicit substances is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; thus, substance abuse is a global health concern. The Arabian Gulf region is considered a crossing point and a consumer of illicit drugs. However, a lack of laboratory-based research has limited the scientific assessment of drug misuse in the Arabian Gulf region. Thus, an up-to-date analytical representation of the drug situation is warranted. Methods We investigated the type and quantity of detained narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances from 2015 to 2018, representing a population of approximately 4 million people, in addition to the number of abusers and mortality among abusers. In total, 6220 cases from the Narcotic and Psychotropic Laboratory and 17,755 cases from the Forensic Toxicology Laboratory were reviewed and analyzed. Substances were identified and documented using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results Cannabis, including marijuana, was the most seized substance, followed by heroin, opium, and cocaine. Amphetamines, including methamphetamine, in the form of powder or pills, were seized in larger quantities than other psychoactive substances. The most consumed substances were, in order, amphetamines (including methamphetamine), benzodiazepines, cannabis, and heroin. We identify the common drugs in postmortem specimens, according to sex, from suspected drug-related deaths. The most common single drug identified were heroin, benzodiazepines, and methamphetamine. Similarly, the multiple-drug cocktail of heroin–benzodiazepines, cannabis–benzodiazepines, and cannabis–amphetamines, were detected frequently. Conclusions The data shows that cannabis is the leading type of illicit substance seized. Deaths resulting from benzodiazepines and heroin abuse were the highest in the single drug category, while heroin-benzodiazepines combination deaths were the highest in the multiple-drug category. Methamphetamine was the most abused illicit drug in Kuwait. These findings revealed the illicit drug abuse situation in the State of Kuwait, in a region that suffers from the scarcity of information regarding illicit substances. Thus, providing valuable information for drug enforcement, forensic analyst, health workers on national and international levels.

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Problems with Inpatient Drug users in Jeddah

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: review article

Substance use disorders in Saudi Arabia: review article

Alcohol and substance use in the Arabian Gulf region: A review

Snapshot of narcotic drugs and psychoactive substances in Kuwait: analysis of illicit drugs use in Kuwait from 2015 to 2018

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