Problems, Solutions and Strategies: A Contribution to the Theory and Practice of Planning

Cartwright, Timothy J.

doi:10.1080/01944367308977852

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Environmental problems are metaproblems (Cartwright 1973), that is to say, problems described by a large number of variables, many of which are difficult to operationalize unambiguously. This explains why the comprehensive/rational approach to planning for these problems did not pass the tests of suitability and political realism; neither did other "pure" approaches, although each of them was sensitive to and addressed different aspects of the problems studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical orientations in environmental planning: An inquiry into alternative approaches

Briassoulis

1989

Environmental Management

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/ In the process of devising courses of action to resolve problems arising at the society-environment interface, a variety of planning approaches are followed, whose adoption is influenced by--among other things--the characteristics of environmental problems, the nature of the decision-making context, and the intellectual traditions of the disciplines contributing to the study of these problems. This article provides a systematic analysis of six alternative environmental planning approaches--comprehensive/rational, incremental, adaptive, contingency, advocacy, and participatory/consensual. The relative influence of the abovementioned factors is examined, the occurrence of these approaches in real-world situations is noted, and their environmental soundness and political realism is evaluated. Because of the disparity between plan formulation and implementation and between theoretical form and empirical reality, a synthetic view of environmental planning approaches is taken and approaches in action are identified, which characterize the totality of the planning process from problem definition to plan implementation, as well as approaches in the becoming, which may be on the horizon of environmental planning of tomorrow. The suggested future research directions include case studies to verify and detail the presence of the approaches discussed, developing measures of success of a given approach in a given decision setting, and an intertemporal analysis of environmental planning approaches.Environmental problems have always existed, but the need to study them systematically for determining courses of actions to allocate and/or distribute environmental resources and services among competing uses fairly and efficiently was not felt until the late 1960s and early 1970s. The environmental movement was at its high point, environmental crises were making headlines, leading personalities were drawing the public's attention to the imminent threats of heedless environmental abuse, and the federal government was embarking in ambitious programs to get the mounting environmental degradation under control. Hence, environmental planning emerged as a functional area within the broader field of planning and as an activity undertaken by individuals and organizations dealing with problems arising at the society--environment interface and devising courses of action to solve these problems.The theory and practice of environmental planning exhibit a variety of approaches to the formulation and implementation of solutions to environmental problems. Each approach reflects a particular philosophy and mode of thinking about how these problems can and/or should be defined, analyzed, and solved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical orientations in environmental planning: An inquiry into alternative approaches

Briassoulis

1989

Environmental Management

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“…Los computadores juegan un papel importante en esta tarea permitiendo la recolección y almacenamiento de datos y soportando los modelos que pueden describir el presente y proyectar el futuro y colaborando sin ambigüedad a identificar los mejores planes de un rango de alternativas disponibles. [17].…”

Section: La Planeacion Como Ciencia Aplicadaunclassified

Las Geotecnologias y los sistemas de apoyo para la planeación en el ordenamiento territorial

Hernández

Rodríguez

2017

RevTec

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Resumena planeación territorial es un proceso de índole geográfico y tiene como fin identificar un problema, analizarlo, establecer objetivos y con base en ellos generar alternativas de solución, seleccionar una, ejecutarla y hacerle seguimiento. Sin embargo, el referente al ordenamiento y planificación territorial existen diversas aplicaciones informáticas que pueden ser utilizadas en las distintas etapas de la planeación como es la dimensión geográfica con apoyo en el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y sus funciones de análisis espacial, modelamiento y visualización, integrados con aplicaciones informáticas no espaciales y sus funciones de tabulación, administración y almacenamiento de datos, que pueden funcionar juntas apoyadas por las Tecnologías de la información y las Comunicaciones (TICs). Para ello, se aplican las distintas variables ambientales, sociales y económicas que a través de las distintas instancias de políticas s en el territorio para general los escenarios territoriales más óptimos en términos de planificación territorial.Palabras clave: Sistemas de apoyo para la planeación (SAP)/ Geotecnologías / Modelamiento / Simulación / Comunicación Abstract erritorial planning is a process of geographic nature and aims to identify a problem, analyze it, establish objectives and based on them generate alternative solutions, select one, execute and follow up. However, regarding the planning and territorial planning there are several computer applications that can be used in the different stages of planning such as the geographic dimension with support in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and its functions of spatial analysis, Modeling and visualization, integrated with nonspatial computer applications and their functions of tabulation, administration and storage of data, which can work together supported by Information and Communication Technologies (TICs). In order to do this, the different environmental, social and economic variables that, through the different policy instances, are applied in the territory for the most optimal territorial scenarios in terms of territorial planning.

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“…. behaviour and contexts, and of presenting prescriptive models that are abstract enough to generalize over a set of cases but concrete enough to offer useful guidance for action" (p. 67; see also Cartwright, 1973;Bryson, Delberq, 1979;Hudson, 1979;Masser, 1983;Christensen, 1985; for critical comments see Healey, 1986, p. 113).…”

Section: Positive Procedural Planning Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedural rationality and ethical theory

Faludi

1989

Planning Outlook

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This paper is based on one given by Professor Faludi at the Conference on Planning Theory at Torino, Italy in 1986. It answers criticisms of his procedural planning theory voiced by various theorists and enjoined by the authors of the call for papers for the conference. The paper argues that the misgivings voiced by critics have their parallel in ethical theory and develops the view that procedural rationality and utilitarianism share an ethical principle. The paper concludes with a call for an end to sterile debate and an acceptance of different modes of argument.

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Problems, Solutions and Strategies: A Contribution to the Theory and Practice of Planning

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Theoretical orientations in environmental planning: An inquiry into alternative approaches

Theoretical orientations in environmental planning: An inquiry into alternative approaches

Las Geotecnologias y los sistemas de apoyo para la planeación en el ordenamiento territorial

Procedural rationality and ethical theory

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