Problems in testing and risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals with regard to developmental toxicology

Mantovani, Alberto; Stazi, Anna Velia; Macrı̀, Caterina; Maranghi, Francesca; Ricciardi, Claudio

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00197-6

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This also holds true for a number of other toxins that are known to be embryotoxic or teratogenic. However, it has recently been recognized that the rapidly expanding body of knowledge on molecular and cellular events occurring during embryonic development should be integrated into toxicologic assessment regimes (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Blechinger

Warren

Kuwada

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

146

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The toxic effects of cadmium and other heavy metals have been well established, and many of these and other environmental pollutants are known to be embryotoxic or teratogenic. However, it has proven difficult to identify individual cells that respond to toxicants among the wide range of cell populations in an intact animal, particularly during early development when cells are continually changing their molecular and physiologic characteristics as they differentiate. Here we report the establishment of an in vivo system that uses hsp70 gene activation as a measure of cadmium toxicity in living early larvae of transgenic zebrafish carrying a stably integrated hsp70-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene. We demonstrate that eGFP expression in this strain of fish acts as an accurate and reproducible indicator of cell-specific induction of hsp70 gene expression. Furthermore, the transgene responds in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those observed for morphologic indicators of early-life-stage toxicity and is sensitive enough to detect cadmium at doses below the median combined adverse effect concentration and the median lethal concentration. The stable nature of this transgenic line should allow for extremely rapid and reproducible toxicologic profiling of embryos and larvae throughout development.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Blechinger

Warren

Kuwada

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

146

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“…DDT and its metabolites commonly show an estrogenic effect; particularly, the metabolites o,p'-DDT; p,p'-DDT; p,p'-DDE; o,p'-DDE, and o',p'-DDT are estrogen receptor ligands in estrogen-responsive cells 27,28 . Some epidemiological studies have shown the estrogenic effects arising from this interaction.…”

Section: Preconceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

2007

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DDT is a persistent insecticide that was widely used in the world from the 1940s until the 70s, when it was banned in the United States and other countries. Most of its toxic effects are not observed in the acute forms, but particularly after chronic exposure. These long-term issues include reproductive effects, varying according to the time of life in which the individuals were exposed. The aims of the current study were to review the principal toxicological effects of DDT on reproduction, stratifying by physiological periods of exposure, and based on the magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship of reintroducing DDT with the specifically defined vector control criteria.

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“…Endocrine deregulators or endocrine disruptors may cause reproductive anomalies (morphological and functional gonadal dysfunction, infertility and decreased libido) and congenital malformations. [1][2][3] reported associations between dust concentrations of specific phthalate esters in house dust and asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in children. Phthalate esters were also detected in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the examples of these adverse effects are the formation of additional female organs, enlarged accessory sex glands, morphological and functional gonadal dysfunction and interference in the functioning of the endocrine system. 1,2,7,[15][16][17][18] Recently, Zalko et al 19 stated that BPA is readily absorbed and metabolized by the skin. The transdermal route is expected to contribute substantially to BPA exposure in human, when direct contact with BPA (free monomer) occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of plasticizers in a wastewater treatment plant: influence of the suspended solids parameter

Viecelli¹,

Lovatel²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A ocorrência de ftalato de di(2-etilhexila) (DEHP) e bisfenol A (BPA) em águas residuais da estação de tratamento da Universidade de Caxias do sul (ETE-UCS) foi investigada neste trabalho. Durante cinco meses, cinco amostras dos pontos de entrada e saída da ETE-UCS foram coletadas e submetidas à extração líquido-líquido (LLE). Os extratos orgânicos foram analisados por cromatografia a gás com detecção por ionização em chama (GC/FID). As eficiências de remoção da ETE-UCS foram de 37,79 e 19,90% para BPA e DEHP, respectivamente. As concentrações médias no ponto de saída foram 52,52 e 20,00 mg L -1 para BPA e DEHP, respectivamente. As concentrações altas dos analitos, no ponto de saída da ETE podem estar relacionadas com a remoção baixa dos sólidos suspensos das amostras brutas. Para confirmar esta hipótese, outras cinco amostras dos pontos de entrada e saída da ETE-UCS também foram submetidas à LLE, com e sem o procedimento de pré-filtração. A remoção de DEHP foi de 74,44% sendo a concentração média no ponto de saída de 6,01 mg L -1 . Para as amostras não pré-filtradas a remoção de DEHP foi de 40,96% sendo a concentração média no ponto de saída de 17,04 mg L -1 .This study investigated the occurrence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in the wastewater treatment plant of the University of Caxias do Sul (WWTP-UCS). During five months, five wastewater samples from the inflow and outflow points were collected and submitted to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The organic extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The removals grades were 37.79 and 19.90% for BPA and DEHP, respectively. The average concentrations at the outflow points were 52.52, and 20.00 mg L -1 , for BPA and DEHP, respectively. These high target compound contents at the exit point may be due to the low removal of suspended solids from the raw samples (only 42.72% removal). To confirm this hypothesis, other five samples also from the inflow and out flow points were submitted to LLE extraction with and without the prefiltration step. The DEHP removal in the filtered samples was 74.44% and the median DEHP concentration at the outflow point was 6.01 mg L -1 . For the unfiltered samples, the DEHP removal was 40.96% and the median DEHP concentration at the outflow point was 17.04 mg L -1 .Keywords: liquid residues, gas chromatography, bisphenol A, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate IntroductionPlasticizers are organic compounds added to polymers to facilitate processing and increase flexibility and toughness of the final product by internal modification of the polymer molecule. Phthalates, including DEHP, are a family of plasticizers and dominate polymer production.DEHP can interfere in the functioning of the endocrine system and in the mechanism of hormone action. Endocrine deregulators or endocrine disruptors may cause reproductive anomalies (morphological and functional gonadal dysfunction, infertility and decreased libido) and congenital malformations. [1][2][3] reported associations between dus...

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Problems in testing and risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals with regard to developmental toxicology

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

Quantitative analysis of plasticizers in a wastewater treatment plant: influence of the suspended solids parameter

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