Problems Encountered With The Average Potential Method of Analyzing Substation Grounding Systems

Garrett, Deon; Pruitt, J.G.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1985.318919

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Nonuniform realistic current density distribution can be approximated in the BEM model by low-order polynomial basis functions (Berberović et al, 2003;Colominas et al, 1999b). However, acceptable results, in practice, can be achieved with simple constant leakage current elements (zero-order polynomial) (Heppe, 1979), although this approximation yields less accurate results compared to higher-order elements (Garrett & Pruitt, 1985;Colominas et al, 2002). This simplification reduces the grounding grid model vector ‚ dimensionality, thus making the accompanying inverse problem easier to solve.…”

Section: Forward Problem Formulation Optimized For the Mcmc Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Reconstruction of the Grounding System Surface Potential Distribution by Means of Monte Carlo Markov Chain Simulation

2009

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Accurate reconstruction of the earth surface potential distribution functional shape from a discrete set of measuring points is important in the grounding system safety assessment process. Commonly used scattered data interpolation techniques may produce unreliable results under unfavorable sampling conditions. A novel model-based mathematical approach to the surface potential distribution reconstruction is proposed, which is based on the stochastic approach to the inverse problem solution, implemented by means of the Monte Carlo Markov chain simulation. The reconstruction quality of the potential distribution is improved considerably by incorporating the physical model of the grounding grid behavior into the interpolation algorithm, particularly for sparse and irregular noisy sampling sets.

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Section: Forward Problem Formulation Optimized For the Mcmc Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Reconstruction of the Grounding System Surface Potential Distribution by Means of Monte Carlo Markov Chain Simulation

2009

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“…The potential distribution due to the current I of the segment is found by integrating the potential contribution due to a line of point sources along the segment axis. Consequently, the potential in the field point ¹ (x, y, z), positioned in ith layer, according to (2), can be written…”

Section: ¹He Segment Non-parallel To the Multilayer Earth Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of earthing grids buried in horizontally stratified multilayer earth

Vujević

Kurtović

1998

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng.

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This paper describes a new numerical procedure for analysing earthing grids buried in horizontally stratified multilayer earth. The procedure is very efficient and general. The total number of layers and the total number of metallically disconnected earthing grids are completely arbitrary. A single earthing grid can be positioned in several layers. The procedure is based on an integral equation formulation. Earthing grid conductors are subdivided into segments and the average potential method is used. Efficiency and generality of the computation procedure are based on the successful application of numerical approximations of two kernel functions of the integral expression for the potential distribution within a single layer which is caused by a point current source. Each kernel function of the observed layer is approximated using a linear combination of 15 exponential functions. Extension from the point source to a segment of the earthing grid conductor is done by integrating the potential contribution due to a line of point current sources along the segment axis. This computational procedure gives highly accurate results in a short execution time.1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Their results showed that the voltage drop along the horizontal electrode was significant due to inductance, but only a certain length, the "effective length", contributed to current dissipation. The effective length was shown to increase with increasing soil resistivity [6].…”

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confidence: 95%

Earth Mat Design for 132/33Kv Substation in Rivers State Using ETAP

Esobinenwu¹,

Akinwole²,

Omeje³

2014

IJETT

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Earthing is an important aspect of every substation construction. Earth Mat is preferable to large substations because of space saving on the ground level due to substantial reduction of earth pits which leads to ease of coordination. Earth Mat minimizes the danger of high step or touch voltages in critical operating areas or places that are frequently used by people. Thus properly designed earthing system capable of dissipating large currents safely to earth is required, regardless of the fault type. This paper presents the design of earthing systems for the 132/33Kv substation in Rivers state of Nigeria and the review of substation practices with special reference to safety and development criteria for safe design. A real time case study has been considered and the design was done using ETAP (Electrical Transients Analyzer Program).Simulation using ETAP eradicates the error that is inherent in manual operational method that is mostly used in various substations.

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Problems Encountered With The Average Potential Method of Analyzing Substation Grounding Systems

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Model-Based Reconstruction of the Grounding System Surface Potential Distribution by Means of Monte Carlo Markov Chain Simulation

Model-Based Reconstruction of the Grounding System Surface Potential Distribution by Means of Monte Carlo Markov Chain Simulation

Numerical analysis of earthing grids buried in horizontally stratified multilayer earth

Earth Mat Design for 132/33Kv Substation in Rivers State Using ETAP

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