Problematic eating behaviours, changes in appetite, and weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: The role of leptin

Mills, Jessica; Thomas, Susan J.; Larkin, Theresa A; Pai, Nagesh B; Deng, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.069

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…A recently published study analysing plasma levels of leptin in young adults revealed a positive association between plasma leptin levels and selfreported depressive symptoms, especially for women [57]. Indeed, several previous studies displayed a clear sex difference of leptin levels, with females having higher amount than males [57][58][59]. Carvalho et al in their meta-analytic study published in 2014, found higher peripheral leptin levels in participants with mild to moderate major depressive disorder compared with controls, but no significant difference between controls and severely depressed patients [60].…”

Section: Leptin and Psychiatric Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Leptin and psychiatric illnesses: does leptin play a role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain?

et al. 2020

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Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is the most prevalent somatic adverse event occurring in patients treated by antipsychotics, especially atypical antipsychotics. It is of particular interest because of its repercussion on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially now that the use of second-generation antipsychotics has been extended to other mental health illnesses such as bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder. The mechanism underlying antipsychotics-induced weight gain is still poorly understood despite a significant amount of work on the topic. Recently, there has been an ongoing debate of tremendous research interest on the relationship between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and body weight regulatory hormones such as leptin. Given that, researchers have brought to light the question of leptin's role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Here we summarize and discuss the existing evidence on the link between leptin and weight gain related to antipsychotic drugs, especially atypical antipsychotics.

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Section: Leptin and Psychiatric Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Leptin and psychiatric illnesses: does leptin play a role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain?

et al. 2020

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“…In a recent pilot, we found that 25% of a sample with MDD met Yale criteria for food addiction, considerably higher than general community samples (Mills et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several studies have linked the concept of food addiction to MDD (e.g. Gearhardt et al, 2012;Eichen et al, 2013;Mills et al, 2018). As such, it is possible that obesogenic environments promoting the availability of highly palatable foods may be related to the increased prevalence of atypical MDD characterised by weight gain, however further research is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bailly et al, 2012;van Strien et al, 2016), food addiction (e.g. Eichen et al, 2013;Mills et al, 2018) and weight gain (e.g. Blanco et al, 2012), the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these factors are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, leptin and ghrelin levels have also previously been correlated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (e.g. Mills et al, 2018;Akamizu et al, 2004), suggesting potential roles for both hormones as risk factors for chronic diseases. However, no studies have simultaneously examined associations between appetite hormones, disordered eating and BMI in MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: Linking appetite and disordered eating to leptin and ghrelin.

Mills

Larkin

Deng

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involves changes in appetite and weight, with a subset of individuals at an increased risk of weight gain. Pathways to weight gain may include appetite disturbances, excess eating, and dysregulation of appetite hormones. However, little research has simultaneously examined relationships between hormones, eating behaviours and MDD symptoms. Plasma ghrelin and leptin, biometrics, eating behaviours and psychopathology were compared between depressed (n = 60) and control (n = 60) participants. Depressed participants were subcategorised into those with increased or decreased appetite/ weight for comparison by subtype. The Dutch Eating Behaviours Questionnaire and Yale Food Addiction Scale measured eating behaviours. Disordered eating was higher in MDD than controls, in females than males, and in depressed individuals with increased, compared to decreased, appetite/weight. Leptin levels were higher in females only. Leptin levels correlated positively, and ghrelin negatively, with disordered eating. The results provide further evidence for high levels of disordered eating in MDD, particularly in females. The correlations suggest that excessive eating in MDD is significantly linked to appetite hormones, indicating that it involves physiological, rather than purely psychological, factors. Further, longitudinal, research is needed to better understand whether hormonal factors play a causal role in excessive eating in MDD.

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Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with and without major depressive disorder

Mestrom,

Charlton,

Thomas

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of disability globally and an emerging body of evidence suggests that dietary components, including flavonoids, may impact depression‐related biochemical pathways. Further research that characterizes dietary intake of flavonoids in diverse population groups, including people with MDD and explores the relationship between flavonoid intake and depression is needed. This study aimed to determine dietary flavonoid and subclass intake and assess the association with depressive symptomatology in a sample of adults with and without MDD.MethodologyParticipants with and without MDD (determined using DSM 5) completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21). Diet history interviews were analyzed using PhenolExplorer to quantify flavonoid subclasses (flavan‐3‐ols, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones), and total flavonoid intake. Independent t‐tests and linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI were performed.ResultsParticipants (n = 93; 75% female) had a mean age of 26.0 ± 8.2 years. Participants with MDD had significantly higher DASS‐depression scores (n = 44; DASS‐depression 27.3 ± 9.8) compared to participants without MDD (n = 49; DASS‐depression 3.1 ± 4.4; p < .001). Intakes of total flavonoids and subclasses were similar between groups, except for anthocyanins where participants with MDD reported lower intakes of anthocyanins compared to participants without MDD (median intake: 0.08 mg/day and 11.6 mg/day, respectively; p = .02). In the total sample, higher anthocyanin intake was associated with lower DASS‐depression score (B = ‐4.1; SE = 1.8; 95% CI [−7.7, −0.4]; p = .029).ConclusionIntake of total flavonoids and most subclasses were similar between people with and without MDD. However, a dietary deficit of anthocyanins (found in purple/red fruits and vegetables) was evident in participants with MDD, and higher anthocyanin intake was associated with lower depressive symptomatology in the total sample. Further research in larger samples is warranted to explore if the documented association is independent of MDD status.

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Problematic eating behaviours, changes in appetite, and weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: The role of leptin

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

Leptin and psychiatric illnesses: does leptin play a role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain?

Leptin and psychiatric illnesses: does leptin play a role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain?

Weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: Linking appetite and disordered eating to leptin and ghrelin.

Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with and without major depressive disorder

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