Problem of Stress Shielding and Improvement to the Hip Implant Designs: A Review

Ridzwan, Mohamad Ikhwan Zaini; Shuib, Solehuddin; Hassan, Ahmad; Shokri, Amran Ahmed; Ibrahim, Mohtar

doi:10.3923/jms.2007.460.467

Cited by 254 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…In order to determine the biomechanical compatibility of biomaterials used in the construction of implants, especially long-term ones, it is important to determine Young's Modulus [26,42,82,83]. The results of earlier works revealed the influence of this factor on the surrounding living tissue, such as bone [84][85][86][87]. The significant difference in Young's Modulus between implants and human bone (especially cortical human bone~20 GPa) can induce bone loosening and reduced bone quality in the implant surrounding and in consequence loosening of the implant in the bone [88,89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

Piszczek

Radtke

Ehlert

et al. 2020

JCM

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An increasing interest in the fabrication of implants made of titanium and its alloys results from their capacity to be integrated into the bone system. This integration is facilitated by different modifications of the implant surface. Here, we assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania nanoporous and nanotubular coatings (TNTs), produced by electrochemical oxidation of Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants' surface. The chemical composition and microstructure of TNT layers was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To increase their antimicrobial activity, TNT coatings were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and tested against various bacterial and fungal strains for their ability to form a biofilm. The biointegrity and anti-inflammatory properties of these layers were assessed with the use of fibroblast, osteoblast, and macrophage cell lines. To assess and exclude potential genotoxicity issues of the fabricated systems, a mutation reversal test was performed (Ames Assay MPF, OECD TG 471), showing that none of the TNT coatings released mutagenic substances in long-term incubation experiments. The thorough analysis performed in this study indicates that the TNT5 and TNT5/AgNPs coatings (TNT5-the layer obtained upon applying a 5 V potential) present the most suitable physicochemical and biological properties for their potential use in the fabrication of implants for orthopedics. For this reason, their mechanical properties were measured to obtain full system characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

Piszczek

Radtke

Ehlert

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…It is an unwanted factor that represents uneven distribution of stress between the implant, peri-implant area and bone [15]. Since the modulus of the bone is much lower than that of the implant (approximately 20-30 GPa [16] for bone and 90-110 GPa for conventional titanium implants [17]), stress is transferred into the implant, leaving the bone without sufficient stimulus.…”

Section: Stress Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Mechanical Analyses of a 3d-Printed Titanium Trabecular Dental Implant

Řehounek

Jíra

2017

Acta Polytech

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Abstract. The main focus of this paper is to investigate and describe a novel biomaterial structure. The trabecular structure has only recently been recognized as a viable alternative for prostheses and implants and seems to have very promising biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The 3D printing technique was used to create test specimens. These specimens were then tested by nanoindentation and tensile and compression tests. A numerical model was created and curve-fitted to represent the mechanical behavior of the trabecular structure. A significant reduction in the values of Young's modulus E was observed. The values of E for conventional implant materials are approximately 110-120 GPa and the trabecular structure reached a value just below 1 GPa. The next effort will be to apply the model onto a real implant. It is the "four leaf clover" implant variant by authors

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“…It is the result of the stiffness mismatch between the most commonly used metallic fracture fixation plates and bones (e.g. Young's modulus of Ti-6Al-4V is around 120 GPa and cortical bone is 15-25 GPa), which strongly determines the bone remodelling process whereby, according to Wolff's law, bone adapts to the forces acting upon it (Ridzwan et al 2007;Elias et al 2008;Quental et al 2014). This means that the load distribution in the bone-plate interface during healing will be uneven, mainly supported by the bone plate and screws.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the load distribution in the bone-plate interface during healing will be uneven, mainly supported by the bone plate and screws. This will shield the bone from the stress stimulus required to provide adequate bone healing and eventually cause bone resorption and implant loosening, in a phenomenon known as "stress shielding" (Ridzwan et al 2007;Prasad et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress analysis in a bone fracture fixed with topology-optimised plates

Al-Tamimi

Quental

Folgado

et al. 2019

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The design of commercially available fixation plates and the materials used for their fabrication lead to the plates being stiffer than bone. Consequently, commercial plates are prone to induce bone stress shielding. In this study, three-dimensional fixation plates are designed using topology optimisation aiming to reduce the risk of bone stress shielding. Fixation plate designs were optimised by minimising the strain energy for three levels of volume reduction (i.e. 25%, 45% and 75%). To evaluate stress shielding, changes in bone stress due to the different fixation plate designs were determined on the fracture plane of an idealised shaft of a long bone under a four-point bending load considering the effect of a patient walking with crutches of a transverse fractured tibia. Topology optimisation is a viable approach to design less stiff plates with adequate mechanical strength considering high volume reductions, which consequently increased the stress transferred to the bone fracture plane minimising bone stress shielding. 4 Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Problem of Stress Shielding and Improvement to the Hip Implant Designs: A Review

Cited by 254 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

Numerical and Mechanical Analyses of a 3d-Printed Titanium Trabecular Dental Implant

Stress analysis in a bone fracture fixed with topology-optimised plates

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