Problem Issues of the Functioning of Public Finances During the War

Abstract

The article highlights the current issues of planning and budget development during the war, the functioning of state finances, the components of the military economy as a multi-sectoral complex, and the mechanisms of financing the military economy in modern conditions. The main modern trends in the sphere of public finances of Ukraine are considered. A comparison is made with the world experience of the functioning of military state finances. The financial consequences in the countries affected by the war are analyzed.
 Military finance is a special part of state finances, the main link of which is the military budget. The military budget is part of the State budget of the country. The article examines the world experience of the budgetary process during the war.
 The structure of military finances and its main elements are analyzed: the military budget, sources of income generation and spending, military borrowing, military purchases, finances of interstate military groups, foreign military aid, military defense orders, military levies, and others.
 The classification of military costs, which are divided into direct, indirect and hidden, is generalized. In turn, direct military expenses are divided into current and capital expenses.
 The article emphasizes that there are three main sources of funding for military spending: printing money, increasing taxes, and borrowing. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these sources of financing are analyzed. Analysis of the functioning of military finances in the leading countries of the world during the wars of the 20th century revealed the main trends. Most countries increased the tax rates of individuals, did not use the provision of state grants to support small businesses, tried to keep the share of monetary emission among sources of financing no more than 20%, used internal state borrowing to attract funds.
 Military bonds are considered as a kind of investment tool to support the state budget. Military bonds are separate issues of domestic state loan bonds from the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine during martial law. The conditions for issuing state military bonds are summarized.