Probiotics intake from proximal or distal gastrointestinal tract: The investigation on intestinal morphology and performance of Japanese quail

Abstract

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of early single-dose probiotics administered from proximal or distal gastrointestinal tract on quails' performance and small intestinal morphology. A total of 120 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 1-d-old chicks were divided into the following experimental groups before being transferred to the raising room: (i) control (no probiotic administered); (ii) oral group (received probiotics via oesophageal gavage); and (iii) vent lip group (received probiotics directly into vent). Four replicates of 10 chicks per cage were considered for each treatment and birds were raised up to 35 days in the same conditions with ad libitum access to feed and water. A commercial probiotics (Protexin, Somerset, UK) used in this study contained 2 × 10 9 cfu/g of nine different micro-organisms. On day 35, all birds were weighed and then three birds in every pen were killed via cervical dislocation. Two cm of mid-point of duodenum and ileum were cut for histomorphology assays. Both probiotics-treated groups had higher body weight and body weight gain than control (p < .01). Ileum was longer in probiotics-treated groups than in the control (p < .01). Orally treated birds had the highest duodenum villus height and crypt depth (p < .01). In the cloacally treated quails, ileum villus length was higher than the both other groups, and crypts' depth was deeper than the control (p < .01). The numbers of both types of goblet cells (acidic mucin producer and neutral mucin producer) were higher in the birds receiving probiotics than control birds (p < .01). Although there were no statistical differences in performance values between the different ways of probiotics entrance into gut, some intestinal histomorphometric parameters were improved in ileum of the birds receiving probiotics through distal gut that is cloaca (p < .01). K E Y W O R D Sgoblet, gut, morphology, probiotics, villi

Evaluating two multistrain probiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, lipid oxidation and ileal microflora in chickens

“…On the other hand, ileum crypt depth was significantly lower in ANT and probiotic groups compared with the CON treatment ( p < 0.05). Similar results with this research were observed by other researchers (Salim et al, ; Seifi, Karimi‐Torshizi, & Deldar, ). Consistent to the present observation, Sen et al () reported that supplementation of probiotic in broiler feeds increased villus height, villus height crypt depth ratio, goblet cell numbers and decreased depth of crypt as compared with those fed CON diets.…”

The Control of Intestinal Inflammation: A Major Objective in the Research of Probiotic Strains as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry

“…Secretory IgA promotes the clearance of antigens and pathogenic bacteria from the lumen by blocking their access to epithelial receptors, entrapping them in mucus, and facilitating their removal by peristaltic and mucociliary activities [37]. Beneficial bacteria can also increase mucin synthesis and the number of goblet cells (GC) in the intestinal epithelium [38]. Mucins (produced by GC) are large glycoproteins that cover the epithelial surfaces of the intestine and form a mucus layer to protect IEC from gut health challenges [39].…”

Age‐related intestinal monosaccharides transporters expression and villus surface area increase in broiler and layer chickens

“…We calculated the chicken villus surface area using the formula, [πdh + π (d/2) 2 ] (Ferrer, Planas, & Moretó, 1995;Seifi, Karimi-Torshizi, & Deldar, 2018). We calculated the chicken villus surface area using the formula, [πdh + π (d/2) 2 ] (Ferrer, Planas, & Moretó, 1995;Seifi, Karimi-Torshizi, & Deldar, 2018).…”

“…The villus height (h) was measured from the villus tip to the bottom, and the average width (d) was calculated from widths of the tip, middle and bottom (B) of the villus. We calculated the chicken villus surface area using the formula, [πdh + π (d/2) 2 ] (Ferrer, Planas, & Moretó, 1995;Seifi, Karimi-Torshizi, & Deldar, 2018). In the formula, the longest (a) and shortest (b) diameter of the jejunal section were used to calculate the average inner diameter (a + b)/2 and the perim-…”